Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease triggered by a vicious circle between epidermal barrier alteration and immune system dysregulation. This can notably be initiated exposure of epidermis to interleukins (IL) 4 13 that alter keratinocyte phenotype through activation their IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 (type II) receptor. Expression IL-2Rγ/IL-4Rα I) receptor for IL-4 normally limited hemato...

background: neutrophils have an important role in the rapid innate immune response, and the release or active secretion of elastase from neutrophils is linked to various inflammatory responses. purpose of this study was to determine how the human neutrophil elastase affects the interleukin-10 (il-10) response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). materials and methods: in this prospecti...

The effects of a Th1-cell-associated cytokine (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) and Th2-cell-associated cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-10, and IL-13) on prostaglandin (PG) production by human alveolar macrophages (AM) were examined in terms of four parameters: PGE2 synthesis, cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, and the protein and mRNA of two COX isozymes (COX-1 and COX-2). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-...

Human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells express interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4 receptors and respond to these cytokines with signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether IL-13 and/or IL-4 influence eotaxin release in HASM cells and whether the ERK mitogen-activated protein (MAP) ki...

background: il-4 is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper t cells into th2 cells. once activated by il-4, th2 cells subsequently produce additional il-4. objective: to examine the effect of il-4 on il-17 production and its effect in collagen- induced arthritis (cia) mice. method: in this study, a chicken collagen-ii-induced experimental arthritis (cia) model was used in dba/1 ...

Background: Interleukin-17 (IL-17), as a potent proinflammatory cytokine, has a critical role in post liver transplant outcomes. However, there is not much information about the effects of IL-17 cytokine on acute liver rejection. Objective: To evaluate the role of IL-17 in post-liver transplant acute rejection. Methods: Ninety seven adult liver transplant patients who enrolled in this cross sec...

Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Ra2) is a tumor antigen and a potent target for cancer therapy. Previously, we have reported that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors upregulated the IL-13Ra2 expression and enhanced anti-cancer effects of IL-13-PE, an immunotoxin composed of interleukin-13 and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin, in a mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. Herein, we have in...

Chronic diseases may involve an "innate" response followed by an adaptive immune response, of a Th1 or Th2 variety. Little is known regarding the interactions of these responses. We hypothesized that TGF-beta1 (innate response factor associated with wound repair) in combination with IL-13 (Th2 factor) might augment inflammatory processes associated with asthma. Airway fibroblasts were cultured ...

objectives: in previous studies the therapeutic effects of nigella sativa have been demonstrated on asthmatic animals. in the present study, the preventive effect of single dose of alpha-hederin, its active constituent, has been evaluated on lung inflammation and some inflammatory mediators in lungs of ovalbumin sensitized rat in order to elicit its mechanism. materials and methods: forty rats ...