Background: Inferior rectus recession, Knapp procedure, partial tendon transposition, and combined procedure are different surgical procedures in the management of monocular elevation deficiency (MED). Only a few studies have been published on the management of this problem. In this study, we report our experience with patients with MED focusing on the indications and types of surgery in the so...

A 28-year-old woman with alopecia since childhood presented with 4 years of progressive intermittent diplopia and right eye getting “stuck” with upward gaze. Maddox rod test revealed a subtle intermittent right hypotropia and right enophthalmos (figure 1). Asymptomatic T2 hyperintensities were noted on MRI (figure 2). Scalp morphea was confirmed pathologically. Formal rheumatologic evaluation w...

PURPOSE To compare the outcomes of surgical procedures in the treatment of inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) as a common disorder of ocular motility. METHODS This retrospective study was performed on patients with primary and secondary IOOA who underwent three surgical treatment procedures including disinsertion, myectomy and anterior transposition, between 2001 and 2011. Type of stra...

Objective: To report a rare case of idiopathic Brown syndrome in the left eye first, then followed by Brown syndrome in the right eye after free tenotomy and inferior oblique anteriorization of the left eye. Case Report: A 5-year old girl presented with ocular misalignment. The prism cover test at distant fixation showed hypotropia of the left eye, and chin up position which was 25 prism diopte...

PURPOSE Overcorrection of hypotropia subsequent to adjustable suture surgery following inferior rectus recession is undesirable, often resulting in persistent diplopia and reoperation. I hypothesized that overcorrection shift after suture adjustment may be unique to thyroid eye disease, and the use of a nonabsorbable suture may reduce the occurrence of overcorrection. METHODS A retrospective ...

PURPOSE To describe an infant with PHACE(S) syndrome [posterior fossa anomalies (P), hemangiomas (H), arterial anomalies (A), cardiac abnormalities and coarctation of aorta (C), eye abnormalities (E), and the sternal defects (S)] with unusual strabismus, congenital glaucoma, and new systemic manifestations. METHODS A 6-month-old girl was referred with large hemangiomas on the left side of the...

PURPOSE To determine whether sinus disease may cause acquired strabismus. METHODS Patients with idiopathic acquired (nonaccommodative) esotropia and/or hypotropia were questioned in detail about possible contributing factors (trauma; family history of strabismus; thyroid, neurologic, or rheumatologic disorders). Acute versus chronic onset was ascertained. Those without obvious cause of strabi...

A 41-year-old female presented with a history of gradually increasing esotropia (ET) for 23 years. The best corrected visual acuity was 20/63 in both eyes. Refraction values were -18.50 (-1.00*55) in the right eye and -13.25 (-3.00*105) in the left eye. The axial length was measured as 29.35 mm for the right eye and 28.36 mm for the left eye. The patient's ocular motility was very restricted in...

ALTHOUGH diplopia resulting from head injury is more usually due to a lesion of one of the ocular motor nerves, it may be caused by direct injury to the orbit. Sometimes damage occurs to one or more of the extrinsic ocular muscles, especially the obliques, because of their attachments to the bone in the anterior part of the orbit, but more frequently the injury brings about an alteration in the...

We describe two brothers with Joubert syndrome (JS). JS diagnosis was made on the basis of neurological findings and the presence of the characteristic "molar tooth sign", which was subsequently confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Both brothers demonstrated ptosis, hypotropia, exotropia, and horizontal pendular nystagmus. The younger brother had mild chorioretinal discoloration at the peri...