OBJECTIVE A selective rise in hypothalamic lipid metabolism and the subsequent activation of SUR1/Kir6.2 ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels inhibit hepatic glucose production. The mechanisms that link the ability of hypothalamic lipid metabolism to the activation of K(ATP) channels remain unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To examine whether hypothalamic protein kinase C (PKC) mediates th...

OBJECTIVE Circulating glucose inhibits glucose production in normal rodents and humans, but this glucose effectiveness is disrupted in diabetes due partly to sustained hyperglycemia. We hypothesize that hyperglycemia in diabetes impairs hypothalamic glucose sensing to lower glucose production, and changes of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) in the hypothalamic glial cells are responsible for the d...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypothalamic alterations, pathological or treatment induced, have major impact on prognosis in craniopharyngioma patients mainly because of consequent hypothalamic obesity. Recent insight in molecular genetics, treatment strategies, risk factors and outcomes associated with hypothalamic obesity provide novel therapeutic perspectives. This review includes relevant publications ...

This study investigated the participation of the hypothalamic endocannabinoid system in the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge evaluating oxytocin (OXT) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plasma levels in vivo and their release from hypothalamic fragments in vitro. LPS increased OXT and TNF-alpha release through anandamide-activation of hypothalamic cannabinoid receptor CB(...

Hypothalamic glioma account for 10-15% of supratentorial tumors in children. They usually present earlier (first 5 years of age) than craniopharyngioma. Hypothalamic glioma poses a diagnostic dilemma with craniopharyngioma and other hypothalamic region tumors, when they present with atypical clinical or imaging patterns. Neuroimaging modalities especially MRI plays a very important role in scru...

Argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) comprise part of the cyclic metabolic pathway to produce nitric oxide (NO). ASS is one of the arginine synthesis enzymes which synthesizes argininosuccinate from aspartate and citrulline, and NOS forms NO and citrulline from arginine. This study examines the localization of ASS and NOS in the cat hypothalamus using nicotinamide ...

Some pathological conditions with feeding pattern alterations, including obesity and Huntington disease (HD) are associated with hypothalamic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Additionally, the hypothalamus is a neurogenic region with the constitutive capacity to generate new cells of neuronal lineage, in adult rodents. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the expression of feeding-re...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reports of MR imaging in hypothalamic hamartomas associated with epilepsy are few, and the number of patients studied is small. We aimed to detail the relationship of hypothalamic hamartomas to surrounding structures, to determine the frequency and nature of associated abnormalities, and to gain insight into mechanisms of epileptogenesis. METHODS We systematically exami...