Risk factors for delayed HIV diagnosis in French Guiana were studied in 1952 patients between 1992 and 2003. At the time of diagnosis, 30% of patients had less than 200 CD4 lymphocytes/mm3; age, male sex, and foreign nationality were independently associated with a low CD4 cell count. The availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy was not associated with an earlier HIV diagnosis. Prom...

BACKGROUND We have previously showed that as antiretroviral therapy has improved over time since 1995-1996, the likelihood of achieving virologic suppression has also improved. Antiretroviral therapy and antiretroviral therapy guidelines have continued to evolve, and we wished to determine the trend in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) RNA levels over time in HIV-infected persons receiving c...

BACKGROUND Little is known about recurrent tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected patients and the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS A population-based retrospective longitudinal study was conducted on all HIV-infected TB patients in Barcelona (Spain) notified in 1987-2003, and followed up until 2005. TB recurrence and HAART influence were analysed according to ...

Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the mid-1990s, antiretroviral therapy (ART) options have expanded considerably to include simpler, safer, and more tolerable regimens. This has included new options for initial regimens for treatment-naive patients as well as regimens for treatment-experienced patients with extensive drug resistance. Current regimen options are e...

1. What is the evidence of the effectiveness of peer-based programs to support adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)? 2. What population-related variables may be related to the success of peerbased adherence programs? (e.g. age, race, gender, drug use, homelessness) 3. What approaches have been successfully used to select peers and match them to participants in adherence sup...

Fourteen cases of gynecomastia occurring during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been reported in the literature. To date, no specific therapeutic approach has been proposed, and gynecomastia has usually persisted. We report 4 new cases of HAART-induced gynecomastia that were successfully treated with percutaneous dihydrotestosterone gel.

The efficacy of antiretroviral therapy to prevent motherto-child HIV transmission (MTCT) was first established in 1994. In that study by Connor and colleagues (PACTG 076) both mother and infant were treated with long courses of zidovudine, which reduced HIV transmission from 25 to 8% [1]. Since then, improved interventions in industrialized nations have further reduced MTCT rates to less than 2...

In 1997, Taiwan made highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) available without cost to HIV-infected persons; in 2001, a national web-based surveillance system was implemented. Healthcare workers use the system to monitor patients' conditions and can intervene when necessary. Free HAART, coupled with the surveillance system, appears to have increased survival rates of HIV-infected persons w...