This paper reviews a nonlinear complexity within the Human Biodynamics Engine (HBE), a world-class human neuro-musculoskeletal simulator, developed at the Department of Defense, Australia. The HBE development is based on an anthropomorphic tree of Euclidean motion groups SE(3), with 270 active degrees of freedom, realistic muscular mechanics and hierarchical neural-like control. The HBE is form...

During early development, modulations in the expression of Nodal, a TGFβ family member, determine the specification of embryonic and extra-embryonic cell identities. Nodal has been extensively studied in the mouse, but aspects of its early expression remain unaccounted for. We identified a conserved hotspot for the binding of pluripotency factors at the Nodal locus and called this sequence "hig...

Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) may be associated with increased respiratory mortality and morbidity. Several recent studies have also shown that DEPs increase the production of inflammatory cytokines by human bronchial epithelium (HBE) cells in vitro. The present study investigates the effects of DEPs on the interaction of l-HBE cells (16HB...

To estimate the effect of distance between the electrode and the signal source on the amplitude of the His bundle electrogram (HBE) recorded during open heart surgery, a specially designed probe, containing six pairs of closely spaced (1 mm) electrodes was placed on the endocardial surface of the right atrium such that each electrode pair was parallel to the course of the His bundle. The amplit...

Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) tyrosine kinases constitute a novel family of receptors characterized by a unique structure in the ectodomain (discoidin-I domain). The DDR1 ligand is the extracellular matrix protein collagen. To identify receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) involved in control of growth and differentiation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, a polymerase chain reaction-ba...

This study investigated the effects induced by co-culturing human primary basic fibroblasts (HPBFs) with 16-human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in particular the transformation of HPBFs into myofibroblasts and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins. HPBFs were co-cultured with 16-HBE cells infected with RSV and quantitatively analyzed. ...

The pattern of replicative intermediates seen in the liver of HBe antigen and antibody positive patients was determined. During the phase of HBe antigenaemia the 3.2 Kb species of HBV-DNA (complete HBV genome) is present in the liver but not in the serum. When HBe antigen to antibody seroconversion occurs, either spontaneously or during antiviral therapy, the 3.2 Kb and lower molecular weight i...

Atherosclerosis is the etiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) that contributes to highest mortality rate non-communicable groups in Indonesia. The early stage this process marked by presence fatty streaks lesion artery wall. This study aimed investigate effect holy basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) suppress formation streak as previous prove reduced lipid levels, ROS, and inflammation after tr...

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the hepatitis B virus surface Ag (HBsAg) genotypes and variations in the clinical/serological pictures among HBsAg positive chronic patients from South Khorasan province of Iran. Methods: Twenty-five patients were enrolled in this study. The HBs Ag gene was amplified and was directly sequenced. Genotypes and nuc...

INTRODUCTION Adopting the 45° semirecumbent position in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients is recommended, as it has been shown to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Although the benefits to the respiratory system are clear, it is not known whether elevating the head of the bed results in hemodynamic instability. We examined the effect of head of bed elevation...