In Pollard and Sag (1987) and Pollard and Sag (1994:Ch. 1–8), the subcategorized arguments of a head are stored on a single ordered list, the subcat list. However, Borsley (1989) argues that there are various deficiencies in this approach, and suggests that the unified list should be split into separate lists for subjects, complements, and specifiers. This proposal has been widely adopted in wh...

Echo State Networks (ESNs) have been shown to be effective for a number of tasks, including motor control, dynamic time series prediction, and memorizing musical sequences. However, their performance on natural language tasks has been largely unexplored until now. Simple Recurrent Networks (SRNs) have a long history in language modeling and show a striking similarity in architecture to ESNs. A ...

Originated as a label to mark specific tweets, hashtags are increasingly used to convey messages that people like to see in the trending hashtags list. Complex noun phrases and even sentences can be turned into a hashtag. Breaking hashtags into their words is a challenging task due to the irregular and compact nature of the language used in Twitter. In this study, we investigate feature-based m...

This paper analyzes the structure of books containing grammatical descriptions and builds up on work by Good (2004). It argues that the discussion of morphology, syntax, semantics, and intonation found in grammatical descriptions can be seen as a collection of interdependent form-meaning-pairs. These form-meaning-pairs form part of the larger structure of frontmatter, mainmatter and backmatter ...

This study investigates grammatical gender and number processing marked on clitic pronouns in native Spanish speakers and in late English-Spanish bilinguals using ERPs. Spanish clitic pronouns were chosen as a critical grammatical structure which is absent in English, and which encodes both grammatical gender and number. Number, but not grammatical gender, is present in English, making this str...

Historically, Old Javanese (OJ) language has been considered a dialect of the past and was developed rapidly from IX - XV centuries. At that time, it believed to be communication instruction for state administration. Although evolved over ages, turns out inherited several others. Therefore, OJ is suitable as material linguistic studies, judging its internal structure, many structural variations...

In a wide variety of sequences from various sources, from music and text to DNA and computer programs, two different but related kinds of structure can be discerned. First, some segments tend to be repeated exactly, such as motifs in music, words or phrases in text, identifiers and syntactic idioms in computer programs. Second, these segments interact with each other in variable but constrained...

The current research demonstrates a system inspired by cognitive neuroscience and developmental psychology that learns to construct mappings between the grammatical structure of sentences and the structure of their meaning representations. Sentence to meaning mappings are learned and stored as grammatical constructions. These are stored and retrieved from a construction inventory based on the c...