The objective of this study is to cross-validate 34 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) historical simulations of precipitation against the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data, quantifying model pattern discrepancies, and biases for both entire distributions and their upper tails. The results of the volumetric hit index (VHI) analysis of the total monthly prec...

This paper uses the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) method to make time–frequency diagnostic analyses of four monthly time series of the global precipitation: MERG (1900– 2008), REOF (1900–2008), GPCP (1979–2009), and CMAP (1979–2009). All these data are the global land and ocean average of precipitation anomalies with respect to the mean of the entire data period. The MERG and REOF are spectral ...

The spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is great importance for the rain-fed agricultural production socioeconomics Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. MT has a sparse network ground rain gauges that limits effective use information sustainable water resources in region. Several gridded products from remote sensing reanalysis land surface models are currently available can enhance such inf...

Global monthly and daily precipitation extremes are examined in relation to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon. For each month around the annual cycle and in each 2.5° grid block, extremes in the Global Precipitation Climatology Project dataset are defined as the top five (wet) and bottom five (dry) mean rain rates from 1979 to 2004. Over the tropical oceans El Niño–Southern Oscillatio...

Purified phenylalanine transfer RNA (tRNA) from yeast has been degraded with pancreatic ribonuclease, and the fragments obtained have been separated and identified. The 3’-terminal nucleoside is cytidine, and the 5’4errninal dinucleotide is pGpCp. Fourteen minor nucleosides are present, including 7-methylguanosine, 2’-0-methylcytidine, and a nucleoside the identity of which is not established. ...

This study evaluated the historical precipitation simulations of 49 global climate models (GCMs) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in reproducing annual and seasonal climatology, linear trends, their spatial correlation with SST across Africa Arabian Peninsula during period 1980–2014, using Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCP) data as a reference. Taylor’s diagram ...

Confidence in the estimation of variations in the frequency of extreme events, and specifically extreme precipitation, in response to climate variability and change is key to the development of adaptation strategies. One challenge to establishing a statistical baseline of rainfall extremes is the disparity among the types of datasets (observations versus model simulations) and their specific sp...