Since 22nd October 2012 the synchrotron light source BESSY is operated in top-up mode. Losses of electrons during injection cause an electromagnetic cascade, that consists of high energetic photons of the bremsstrahlung, and secondary electrons and positrons from the pair creations. The bremsstrahlung spectrum has a maximum at 1.022 MeV owing to pair creations. The spectrum has a high energetic...

Monte Carlo (MC) codes are increasingly spreading in the hadrontherapy community due to their detailed description of radiation transport and interaction with matter. The suitability of a MC code for application to hadrontherapy demands accurate and reliable physical models capable of handling all components of the expected radiation field. This becomes extremely important for correctly perform...

The FLUKA calculation of the atmospheric neutrino fluxes have been cross–checked by comparing predictions on lepton fluxes in atmosphere to experimental data. The dependence of predicted neutrino fluxes on the shape and normalization of primary spectrum is also investigated.

In this note we present an update of the validation of Geant4 hadronic physics against the ATLAS pixel 2001 test-beam data. Furthermore, we also report the comparison with Fluka simulation, using the same Geant4 geometry, navigation and digitization.

background: most preclinical studies are carried out on mice. for internal dose  assessment of a mouse, specific absorbed fraction (saf) values play an important role.  in most studies, saf values are estimated using older standard human organ compositions  and values for limited source target pairs. objective: saf values for monoenergetic photons of energies 15, 50, 100, 500,  1000 and 4000 ke...

In November 1997, Experiment T423 began acquiring data with the intentions of understanding the energy spectra of high-energy neutrons generated in the interaction of electrons with lead. The following describes a series of FLUKA simulations studying (1) particle yields in the absence of all background; (2) the background caused from scattering in the room; (3) the effects of the thick lead shi...

This chapter deals with the study of bremsstrahlung spectra for 6 to 18 MeV electron beam from different materials such as low to high Z elements as an e target. The simulation using FLUKA involves the neutron, electron, positron and bremsstrahlung fluence determination at various angles Moreover the thickness of . , e target has varied from thin to thick i.e from 0.1% to 150% of RCSDA. In addi...

The FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code is widely used for fundamental research, radioprotection and dosimetry, hybrid nuclear energy system and cosmic ray calculations. The validity of its physical models has been benchmarked against a variety of experimental data over a wide range of energies, ranging from accelerator data to cosmic ray showers in the earth atmosphere. The code is presently unde...

For both cancer therapy with protons and ions (hadron therapy) and space radiation environments, the spatial energy deposition patterns of the radiation fields are of importance for quantifying the resulting radiation damage in biological structures. Tissue-equivalent proportional counters (TEPC) are the principal instruments for measuring imparted energy on a microscopic scale and for characte...

Monte Carlo simulations play a crucial role for in-vivo treatment monitoring based on PET and prompt gamma imaging in proton and carbon-ion therapies. The accuracy of the nuclear fragmentation models implemented in these codes might affect the quality of the treatment verification. In this paper, we investigate the nuclear models implemented in GATE/Geant4 and FLUKA by comparing the angular and...