The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of natural flocculants to reduce solids and nutrient loads in dairy cow wastewater using solid-liquid separation; chitosan was used as a model. Its use efficiency and optimum application rate were determined using flushed dairy cow manure of varied strengths - 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 3.2% total solids (TS) content. Treatments consisted of n...

Algal blooms are rapid growth of microscopic algae in the water that harmful to environment because they block sunlight from reaching plants under surface, deplete useful nutrients, and release carbon emissions. Flocculation is a method used remove it works by binding agglomerating suspended particles form large assist their settling. However, most flocculants chemical may harm quality. Bio-flo...

Effects of different flocculants (chloride-based salts and ferric and ferrous salts) and initial organic concentration of wastewater on flocculation-photocatalysis hybrid process were investigated. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) adsorption alone, flocculation alone, flocculation followed by TiO2 adsorption, photocatalysis alone, and flocculation followed by photocatalysis removed 60%, 72%, 80%, 85%, a...

The importance of various factors relating to the preparation of polyacrylamide flocculant solutions was investigated. For optimum results, these solutions should be agitated for at least 2 hours before use while water of high ionic content should be avoided. The quantity of calcium phosphate precipitated during the clarification reaction and the calcium concentration in clear juice are shown t...

Abstract The rapid expansion of global trade and human activities has resulted in a massive increase wastewater pollution into the atmosphere. Suspended solids, organic inorganic particles, dissolved heavy metals, dyes, other impurities contained from various sources are toxic to atmosphere pose serious health risks humans animals. Coagulation–flocculation technology is commonly used treatment ...

-The adsorption of uncharged polymers by clays is largely "entropy-driven." Polymer conformation changes from a random coil in solution to an extended form at the surface in which adsorbed polymer segments or trains alternate with loops and tails extending away from the surface. Although the net interaction energy, e, per segment-surface contact is small (--1 kT unit), the total energy of adsor...

Manure was collected from growing pigs (22–48 kg) fed one of 11 diets varying in total and available phosphorus content. Reduced phosphorus diets were amended with feed additives intended to improve availability of phytate phosphorus. Diets were replicated over three feeding periods resulting in 33 manure samples. Collected manure samples were diluted (final solids content approximated 2.4% tot...

Partially hydrolyzed extracts from blood meal, feather meal, and meat and bone meal, as well as a variety of common surplus agricultural proteins were tested for their ability to promote the flocculation of clay. Partial alkaline or enzymatic hydrolyses of blood meal, feather meal, and meat and bone meal were performed to liberate proteins and peptides from their water-insoluble forms. Some of ...

The procedure described permits comparison of polyelectrolytes for their ability to flocculate food solids and thus enable filtration for recovery of food-borne viruses.