Monetary policy has been frequently used by many developing countries including Pakistan to curb inflation and smoothen macroeconomic fluctuations. In the near past, it observed that monetary tightening futile in curbing economies especially after COVID-19. There is always a time lag before money supply affects price level or other variables. This study focuses on transmission mechanism of usin...

There is no evidence that previous studies, available to Iran’s inflation literature, have used spectral methodology to analyze a possible relationship between inflation and its main determinants within a specific period. Accordingly, the present study investigates the effects of money growth, real output growth, output gap and interest rate changes on inflation at low and high frequencies...

The aim of this study is to examine the nonlinear effects of fiscal and monetary policies on inflation during 1990:3 to 2013:1 based on threshold model. First lag of the liquidity growth is recognized as threshold variable with threshold value estimated at 6.37 percent. In low liquidity growth, the results indicate that inflation expectations and the lagged liquidity growth are the most importa...

This study investigates the responsiveness of manufacturing sector performance to major macroeconomic determinants in Nigeria, covering the period between 1981 and 2018. It contributes to attendant literature by examining the asymmetric impact of each of the macroeconomic variables, including GDP per capita, exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate proxied by prime lending rate, and gross f...

This paper examines the effect of inflation on stock valuations and expected long-run returns. Ex ante estimates of expected long-run returns are constructed by incorporating analysts’ earnings forecasts into a variant of the Campbell-Shiller dividend-price ratio model. The negative relation between equity valuations and expected inflation is found to be the result of two effects: a rise in exp...