Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) is a well-established method for non-invasive measurement of cortical excitability, alterations of which are the core background of epilepsy. For the past 20 years this technique has been extensively used to assess patients with epilepsy. We present here a critical overview of these studies, with emphasis on their translation to the clinica...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this post-hoc exploratory analysis was to examine the relationship between age and measures of cortical excitability and inhibition. METHODS Forty-six participants (24 with major depressive disorder and 22 healthy controls) completed MT, SICI, ICF, and CSP testing in a cross-sectional protocol. Of these 46 participants, 33 completed LICI testing. Multiple linear ro...

Despite therapeutic advances, heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of death in the United States and is growing prevalence. Although disease-induced defects ion channel excitability expression put patients at higher risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, exact mechanisms by which HF leads to proarrhythmic dysfunction are not completely understood. Notably, several recent studi...

Introduction : There are different applications for cooling in rehabilitation and there is also a controversy in results of applying ice on limb and its effects on motorneurons excitability. Methods : This study was done to determine the effect of applying controlled cooling (rubbing cold ointment with 3°C temperature) on the spinal skin (around T place of S root nerve) on the excitabili...

Introduction: The functional effects of orexin-B on the calcium spikes and excitability of the neuronal soma membrane of garden snail, Helix aspersa were studied. Methods: Conventional intracellular recording, under the current clamp conditions was performed to examine the effects of orexin-B on the configuration and electrophysiological properties of calcium spikes. Results: Application o...

Introduction: Epilepsy is a neural disorder in which abnormal plastic changes during short and long term periods lead to increased excitability of brain tissue. Kindling is an animal model of epileptogenesis which results in changes of synaptic plasticity due to repetitive electrical or chemical sub-convulsive stimulations of the brain. Lateral hypothalamus, as the main niche of orexin neurons ...