Introduction. Diverse origins of terrestrial planet atmospheres are inferred from differences in the noble gas abundances and isotope ratios observed on Venus, Earth, and Mars [e.g., 1, 2]. Models for the origin of terrestrial atmospheres typically require an intricate sequence of events, including substantial loss and isotopic fractionation of solar nebula gases, outgassed mantle volatiles, an...

Those magnificent pictures of Earth from space, among the most humanly important and evocative results from the placing of manned and unmanned satellites in orbit during the last several decades, have shown us that underneath the clouds most of the world is blue. Viewed in this way from space, Earth is seen as a planet covered mostly by water, and most of that water is seawater. This thin layer...

The space-based GPS limb sounding, conventionally known as GPS Radio Occultation, is a remote sensing technique aiming at characterize the Earth atmosphere. The atmospheric profiling is done through the inversion of excess-phase measurements carried-out by a GPS receiver placed on-board a LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite. The GPS signal, observed when it emerges from the Earth limb, is refracted...

Introduction: The Earth is the only planet to harbor life, as we know so far. Adequate amount of water and atmosphere on the Earth has been thought to be essential for the emerge and evolution of life [1]. Therefore, investigating the origin and formation of ocean and atmosphere on the Earth is important, and it would answer the questions why we are here and whether or not another life exists i...

Thermodynamics is a funny subject. The first time you go through it, you dont understand it at all. The second time you go through it, you think you understand it, except for one or two small points. The third time you go through it, you know you don't understand it, but by that time you are so used to it, it doesn't bother you any more. Global climate results from a thermodynamic interaction b...

We address the first several hundred million years of Earth’s history. The Moonforming impact left Earth enveloped in a hot silicate atmosphere that cooled and condensed over ∼1,000 yrs. As it cooled the Earth degassed its volatiles into the atmosphere. It took another ∼2 Myrs for the magma ocean to freeze at the surface. The cooling rate was determined by atmospheric thermal blanketing. Tidal ...

Introduction To DETERM INE THE ORBIT OF AN EARTH SATELLITE, or conversely, to use a known satellite orbit to find the location of a point on the earth, it is necessary to use some sort of electromagnetic signal (light or radio signal) passing between the satellite and the earth station. This signal traverses the earth's atmosphere, where its velocity is not the same as in free space (the index ...

The planet Mars hosts an atmosphere that is perhaps the closest in terms of its meteorology and climate to that of the Earth. But Mars differs from Earth in its greater distance from the Sun, its smaller size, its lack of liquid oceans and its thinner atmosphere, composed mainly of CO2. These factors give Mars a rather different climate to that of the Earth. In this article we review various as...

The planet Mars hosts an atmosphere that is perhaps the closest in terms of its meteorology and climate to that of the Earth. But Mars differs from Earth in its greater distance from the Sun, its smaller size, its lack of liquid oceans and its thinner atmosphere, composed mainly of CO(2). These factors give Mars a rather different climate to that of the Earth. In this article we review various ...

We present simulations of atmospheres of Earth-like aquaplanets that are tidally locked to their star, that is, planets whose orbital period is equal to the rotation period about their spin axis, so that one side always faces the star and the other side is always dark. Such simulations are of interest in the study of tidally locked terrestrial exoplanets and as illustrations of how planetary ro...