OBJECTIVE This paper explores physician perceptions of the ways professional and family interpreters affect their performance of doctor-communication tasks described in the Calgary-Cambridge Framework. METHODS Physicians' (19) encounters with patients (24) accompanied by an interpreter were videotaped. Stimulated recall was used to elicit each of the participants' perceptions of the clinical ...

OBJECTIVE To determine if professional medical interpreters have a positive impact on clinical care for limited English proficiency (LEP) patients. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search, limited to the English language, in PubMed and PsycINFO for publications between 1966 and September 2005, and a search of the Cochrane Library. STUDY DESIGN Any peer-reviewed article which compared at...

Interpreters designed for high general-purpose performance typically perform a large number of indirect branches (3.2%–13% of all executed instructions in our benchmarks). These branches consume more than half of the run-time in a number of configurations we simulated. We evaluate how accurate various existing and proposed branch prediction schemes are on a number of interpreters, how the mispr...

Interpolation by Dual Narrowing Abstract Interpreters • Transitional abstract interpreters: proceed by induction

Sign language interpreters working in schools often face isolation in terms of their sign language vocabulary development opportunities. The purposes of this study were to determine the key demographic characteristics of educational interpreters in British Columbia, to identify the resources they use to learn new vocabulary, and to shed light on their Internet use and access levels, with a view...

This is a tutorial on using type-indexed embedding/projection pairs when writing interpreters in statically-typed functional languages. The method allows (higher-order) values in the interpreting language to be embedded in the interpreted language and values from the interpreted language may be projected back into the interpreting one. This is particularly useful when adding command-line interf...

Because embedded interpreters offer flexibility and performance, they are becoming more prevalent, and can be found at nearly every level of the software stack. As one example, the Linux kernel defines languages to describe packet filtering rules and uses embedded interpreters to filter packets at run time. As another example, the RAR archive format allows embedding bytecode in compressed files...

The Java virtual machine (JVM) is usually implemented with an interpreter or just-in-time (JIT) compiler. JITs provide the best performance, but must be substantially rewritten for each architecture they are ported to. Interpreters are easier to develop and maintain, need less memory and can be ported to new architectures with almost no changes. The weakness of interpreters is that they are muc...