An integrated and new interface circuit with temperature compensation has been developed to enhance the ISFET readout circuit stability. The bridge-type floating source circuit suitable for sensor array processing has been proposed to maintain reliable constant drain–source voltage and constant drain current (CVCC) conditions for measuring the threshold voltage variation of ISFET due to the cor...

Untethered nodes in mobile ad-hoc networks strongly depend on the efficient use of their batteries. In this paper we propose a new metric, the drain rate, to forecast the lifetime of nodes according to current traffic conditions. This metric is combined with the value of the remaining battery capacity to determine which nodes can be part of an active route. We describe new route selection mecha...

This paper presents an analytical subthreshold drain current model for pocket implanted nano scale nMOSFET. The model is developed by using the linear pocket profiles at the source and drain edges and by solving the Poisson's equation in the depletion region at the surface with the appropriate boundary conditions at source and drain for deriving the surface potential. The model includes the eff...

in this research, the appropriateness of drainmod-n model was evaluated for the simulation of nitrate transport with subsurface drainage in paddy fields. during a canola growing season from november 2011 to april 2012, the nitrate concentration of drainage water and soil saturation extracts of two depths of 30 and 60 cm was measured in consolidated paddy fields of sari agricultural sciences and...

We have studied the characteristics of MOSFET degradation induced by hotcarriers. When the characteristics of drain current degradation (A/j) are applied to the stress time(t) dependence AIj oc t, the exponent n is clearly different under different bias conditions. We present a two-type interface-state model composed of deep-energy interface states and shallow-energy interface states which have...

iran is ranked fourth for saline-sodic soils in asia following china, india and pakistan. therefore, if coupled with waterlogging, drainage would be an inevitable and indispensable activity agriculture in most irrigated parts of iran. drain installation depth is one of the main economic as well as environmental challenges in design and construction of drainage systems. deep pipe drain installat...

Excess pore pressure under seismic loadings has always been a main concern in geotechnical engineering practices. The phenomenon in soil can cause an effective stress and hence cause the shear strength of the soil to decrease considerably and large deformations to occur in the area. Generally, increases in pore pressure occur in un-drained conditions. If it is formed, its consequences decrease ...

African public health care systems suffer from significant "brain drain" of its health care professionals and knowledge as health workers migrate to wealthier countries such as Australia, Canada, USA, and the United Kingdom. Knowledge generated on the continent is not readily accessible to potential users on the continent. In this paper, the brain drain is defined as both a loss of health worke...