The standard sampling methods for toluene diisocyanate (TDI) only collect total TDI without separating the aerosol and gas phases. There are few other samplers, such as the dual filter, triple filter and annular denuder systems (ADS), which are able to sample the aerosol and gas phases simultaneously. This field study was conducted at two workplaces to access the total 2,4-TDI and the gaseous a...

The synthesis of aromatic diisocyanate derived from lignocellulosic raw materials, namely guaiacol and vanillyl alcohol, through phosgene-free route offers the prospect greener approaches for isocyanate production polyurethane industry.

Due to rapid economic growth, the use of plastics in almost all areas human life has significantly increased over recent decades, leading massive pollution. Therefore, works dealing with sustainable and biodegradable polymer materials are vital now. Herein, Mater-Bi/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based biocomposites, filled diisocyanate-modified cellulose particles, were prepared subjected 12-week ...

Polyurethanes are widely used in car paint formulations. During thermal degradation, such polymeric systems can generate powerful asthmatic sensitizing agents named isocyanates. In body repair shops, the thermal degradation of car paint can occur during abrasive processes that generate enough heat to involve release of isocyanates in air. An environmental monitoring study was performed in two b...

toluene diisocyanate (tdi) is an imperative chemical substance used in the production of polyurethane foams, elastomers, paints and coatings that cause a variety of health problems in workers who are exposed in work places. this study aimed to determine the asthma symptoms and serum specific ige levels in tdi exposed workers and comparing the results with healthy control group.all the plants th...

BACKGROUND Isocyanates are some of the leading occupational causes of respiratory disorders, predominantly asthma. Adequate exposure monitoring may recognize risk factors and help to prevent the onset or aggravation of these aliments. Though, the biomonitoring appears to be most suitable for exposure assessment, the sampling time is critical, however. In order to settle the optimal time point f...

Bayer, Rinke, Siefken, Orthner, and Schild in 1937 and 1942 demonstrated the possibility of producing high molecular compounds with extraordinary chemical and physical properties by means of a so-called diisocyanate-polyaddition procedure. The basic reaction, leading to low-molecular products, had been known for about 100 years. Bayer and his colleagues were able to show, however, that the reac...

Segmented linear polyurethanes (PUs) containing Diels-Alder (DA) adduct were synthesized in toluene solution from poly("-caprolactone) (PCL, Mn = 10, 25 and 50 kg/mol), diisocyanate (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), 2,4toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate, (HDI)), furfurylamine (FA) and bismaleimide (BMI). The order of the segments in the PUs was -PCL-MDI-FA-BMI-. The...