Laser altimetry (lidar) is a remote-sensing technology that holds tremendous promise for mapping snow depth in snow hydrology and avalanche applications. Recently lidar has seen a dramatic widening of applications in the natural sciences, resulting in technological improvements and an increase in the availability of both airborne and ground-based sensors. Modern sensors allow mapping of vegetat...

In this paper we introduce a general framework for defining the depth of a sequence with respect to a class of observers. We show that our general framework captures all depth notions introduced in complexity theory so far. We review most such notions, show how they are particular cases of our general depth framework, and review some classical results about the different depth notions.

Available influenza vaccines contain inactivated viruses, either whole or in parts, and are administered parenterally or intranasally. Their composition varies yearly because of viral antigenic shifts and drifts. Vaccines with a composition matching yearly World Health Organization recommendations are 72% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 54–83%] efficacious (prevention of influenza cases caused ...

The UK incidence of hepatitis B is falling. About 245 cases were reported per quarter in 1998-a marked decrease from just under 2000 reports in 1984. However, the prevalence remains high in other parts of the world and appreciably higher amongst healthcare workers. In Israel in 1994 the seroprevalence of anti-HBc was 10% in the general population but 24% in hospital employees; no significant ch...

Depth estimation is a classic task in computer vision, which of great significance for many applications such as augmented reality, target tracking and autonomous driving. Traditional monocular depth methods are based on cues prediction with strict requirements, e.g. shape-from-focus/ defocus require low field the scenes images. Recently, large body deep learning have been proposed has shown pr...