Literary genre “maqtal” came to literature from the arabs. Then it passed persians, and then Turkish literature. During time of prophet after him, wars their tragedies were called as "maqtal." The arabic word maqtal means "the place where a person is killed when he killed." XIV century specimens are richer than this one gives some materials for research. An acquaintance with Yusuf Maddah's masn...

in the constitutional era, the persian poetry knew new poetry implications in the side of the old content defined by the persian literature in previous eras. this is why we call this era, the era of radical change in the old contents. familiarity with the western literature, political and social developments in iran, enlightenment, tyranny, internal and external colonialism are among the factor...

parvin e'tesami is one of the famous outstanding persian poets of the constitutional era and also the reign of pahlavi i who composed her poems based on persian classical literature with moral contents and new political and social themes in the field of didactic literature. under the influence of european newfangled intellectuals, romanticism formed during 18th century and devided into dif...

INTRODUCTION Creative expression of scientific observations and principles through poetry and other media can enrich medical and science education. This debunks the expectation that science and poetry, for example, are mutually exclusive (Figure 1). Instead of coexisting as parallel lanes without interaction, poetry and science can cross over as one merges lanes. Kurtz and Loewenstein suggest t...

Introduction Preamble -Aesthetics | Poetry and Islam | Poetry and warlords | Poetry and Afghanistan -Poetry and Kazakhstan | Poetry and the Caucasus | Poetry and the Middle East -Poetic leadership | Poetic protest | Prosaic dialogue Indicative possibilities of reframing strategic engagement Clarification of Islamic views Improvisation in poetic debate -Poetic discourse as a lost art | Poetic en...

pessimism, a phenomenon of deep effect over the contemporary poetry, both arabic and persian, usually enjoys a widespread usage in the periods of social, political and economic disorders which, in turn, affect the poets’ views and change their visions toward the real. elias abu-shabaka and hushang ebtehaj are the poets of a modern disorderly era and environment. they both display a deep pessimi...

debate is an independent technique  in literature that has been common among poets and writers in arabic literature for a long time. the literary genre which has been shaped based on  imitating  real debates is a hostile or friendly dialogue between parties of the debate who could be human, animal, plant, abstract concepts, natural and other elements. since this genre exists very strikingly and...

ilia abu mazi lived in twentieth century and in the imitation toward to innovation era. although he did not have a deep philosophy in his poetry he outstripped thomas aquinas who lived in thirtieth century. this philosophy was one the most important ones in that era which the church had accepted it. abu mazi was completely pessimistic; although the life stream can destroy any thing in its way b...

An Era of Darkness, a speech by Shashi Tharoor at Oxford Union in England 2015, came print October 2016. The was mostly devoted to dispelling the notion benefits British rules, such as democracy and geographic political unity. However, book slightly modified further graphically record blinding darkness rule India. This undoubtedly serves an eye-opener for previous current generations Indians. I...