Crustal thickness is an important factor affecting lithosphere structure and therefore deep geodynamics. In this paper, we propose to apply deep learning neural networks called stacked sparse 10 auto-encoder to obtain crustal thickness for eastern Tibet and western Yangtze craton. Firstly taking phase and group velocities simultaneously as input and theoretical crustal thickness as output, we c...

[1] Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topography and gravity models from 5 years of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft tracking provide a window into the structure of the Martian crust and upper mantle. We apply a finite-amplitude terrain correction assuming uniform crustal density and additional corrections for the anomalous densities of the polar caps, the major volcanos, and the hydrost...

State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Department of Chemical and Biolo...

Abstract Halogens (Cl, Br, I) are exceptional provenance tracers in crustal fluids because their ratios not strongly altered during most fluid-rock interaction processes. The halogen systematics of metamorphic particular interest such key drivers crustal-scale element fluxes and ore formation orogenic belts, but they remain poorly studied due to analytical challenges. We present novel triple-ha...

Systematic exploration of the continental lithosphere by deep seismic reflection profiling over the past 20 years has revolutionized our view of the deep crust and upper mantle. Major geological features have been traced to lower crustal depths. Certain deep crustal features have been traced into the underlying mantle (fossil subduction zones?). Some geotectonic boundaries, considered by genera...

Global crustal models, such as CRUST 5.1 and its descendants, are very useful in a broad range of geoscience applications. The current method for representing the existing global crustal models relies heavily on dedicated computer programs to read and work with those models. Therefore, it is not suited to visualize and disseminate global crustal information to non-geological users. This shortco...

Introduction: The two most striking surface features on Mars are the crustal dichotomy and the Tharsis Rise [1]. While it is generally accepted that the Tharsis Rise is formed as a result of plume related volcanism [2], the formation mechanism for the crustal dichotomy is controversial with two main competing proposals: endogenic (mantle convection and flow) [3-5] and exo-genic (mega-impact) me...

Crustal plateaus on Venus constitute one of that planet’s most intriguing tectonic features. They host so-called “tessera” terrain, or deformed crust exhibiting two or more sets of intersecting tectonic lineaments, which comprises ∼8% of Venus’ surface. Major questions surrounding crustal plateaus and tessera terrain include: (1) What is the nature of crustal plateau deformation? What structure...

Most of Earth's diamonds are connected with deep-seated mantle rocks; however, in recent years, μm-sized diamonds have been found in shallower metamorphic rocks, and the process of shallow-seated diamond formation has become a hotly debated topic. Nanodiamonds occur mainly in chondrite meteorites associated with organic matter and water. They can be synthesized in the stability field of graphit...

Mars' crustal magnetic field was most likely generated by dynamo action in the planet's early history. Unexplained characteristics of the field include its strength, concentration in the southern hemisphere, and lack of correlation with any surface features except for the hemispheric crustal dichotomy. We used numerical dynamo modeling to demonstrate that the mechanisms proposed to explain crus...