Objective. To investigate a potential mechanism by which superantigens could induce glucocorticoid insensitivity in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Study Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. Tertiary medical center. Subjects and Methods. Sinonasal polyps were obtained from CRS patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP; 20 without recurrence, 18 with recurrent NP followed for 1.5-2.0 years...

Omalizumab, a humanised monoclonal antiimmunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, is indicated as adjuvant treatment in refractory allergic severe asthma. In both chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (NP) and allergic rhinitis, IgE is increased in mucosal tissue and frequently in serum. The role of omalizumab has been clearly established in allergic asthma and rhinitis, but remains to be elucid...

Photosynthetic cytochrome c reduction by isolated chloroplasts is mediated by substances with characteristics of a “Cytochrome c Reducing Substance” (CRS). A water soluble extract of ether treated, lyophilized chloroplasts (called SL-eth), related to the primary acceptor complex of photo­ system I, has CRS-activity. It contains p-coumaroyl-meso-tartaric acid. By comparison with model substances...

This study concerns a new antiretroviral drug named CRS 74, which has a limited bioavailability because of its low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. To improve these properties, CRS 74 can be recrystallized by using Liquid Anti-Solvent (LAS) crystallization. Ethanol is chosen as the solvent under study for the molecule and water as the anti-solvent. Since solubility data is limited, it i...

OBJECTIVE Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease. In particular, CRS with eosinophilic features and/or nasal polyps (NPs) is often recalcitrant to current treatment; thus, appropriate animal models are mandatory to elucidate the pathogenesis of CRS and develop novel and efficient treatment modalities. The author reviewed the recently proposed animal models in CRS ...

BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by type 2 inflammation with high levels of Th2 cytokines. Although T helper cytokines are released from T cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are also known to produce high levels of the same cytokines. However, the presence of various types of ILC in CRS is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this st...

BACKGROUND Being one of the most common nasal diseases, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is subdivided into CRS with nasal polyps (NP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). CRSsNP presents itself with a TH1 milieu and neutrophil infiltration, while NP is characterised by a mixed TH1/TH2 profile and an influx of predominantly eosinophils, plasma cells and mast cells. For the purpose of discovering ...

BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (NPs) in Western populations is associated with TH2 cytokine polarization. IL-25, an IL-17 family cytokine, was recently reported to induce TH2-type immune responses and to contribute to several allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. However, the role of IL-25 in Asian patients with nasal polyposis remains unclear. OB...

The notion of non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) is of fundamental importance in cryptography. Despite the vast attention the concept of NIZK has attracted since its introduction, one question has remained very resistant: Is it possible to construct NIZK schemes for any NP-language with statistical or even perfect ZK? Groth, Ostrovsky and Sahai recently positively answers to the question by ...

BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic medical conditions, with a significant impact on patient quality of life. CRS is broadly classified into two groups: CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and CRS without NP (CRSsNP). Clinically, the major subtypes of CRSwNP may be divided into eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (e.g., allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and aspi...