tooth impaction rarely occurs in primary dentition. most of the primary teeth impactions are seen in second molars. the purpose of this article is to present a 4-year-old girl with bilateral impaction of inverted primary maxillary central incisors which trauma had displaced their tooth germ before erupting.

background: central venous catheters (cvcs) are used not only as a tool to access to central venous system, but also for hemodynamic monitoring, parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy and hemodialysis. the use of cvcs is associated with some complications notably infections that are troublesome both to patient and physician. we conducted this study to examine catheter fixation with skin fold techni...

we describe a 40-year-old woman presenting with headache, nausea, episodic amnesia and blurred optic disc. brain mri disclosed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement. csf analysis showed aseptic meningitis with elevated ace level. neurosarcoidosis was diagnosed based on granulomatosis changes on tissue biopsy.

background & objectives: the accurate assessment of the diseased tissue is fundamental to the diagnosis and management of disorders of the central nervous system (cns). the ‛squash’ or ‛crush’ technique has been universally employed in the intraoperative diagnosis of cns tumors. the aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of squash preparation in diagnosing cns tumors by comparing wit...

human infection with echinococcus granulosis is a common disease throughout south america, the mediterranean littoral, the middle east, central asia and east africa, which usually occur in children and young adults. formation of avascular cystic lesions in the liver, kidney, pancreas, bones, vitreus and brain can cause protean of signs and symptoms. intracranial cysts usually present with focal...

how to cite this article: sanyal sh, duraisamy sh, garga chu. mri brain in evaluation of floppy children: a case series. iran j child neurol. autumn 2015; 9(4): 65-74. abstract objective hypotonia is a common clinical entity well recognized in pediatric age group, which demands experienced clinical assessment and an extensive array of investigations to establish the underlying disease process. ...

microglia is a type of glial cell located throughout the central nervous system (cns), which is sensitive to cns injury and disease. responsibility of microglia as the resident macrophage cells for injuries suggests that these cells have the potential to act as diagnostic markers of disease beginning or progression. function of microglia is strongly synchronized by the microenvironment of brain...

In 1991, Handlers and colleagues described the Central odontogenic fibroma (COF) as a distinct entity which is a rare benign odontogenic tumour and up to the present, only 78 cases of it have been published. COF usually occurs in an adult patient and has a predilection for the anterior region of the jaws. A 2.8:1 female to mail ratio is typically noted. This article presents a case of COF in a ...

central serous chorioretinopathy (cscr) is an ocular disease which fluid is collected under retina and leads to retinal detachment and blurred vision. risk factors for development of central serous chorioretinopathy are included: alcohol use, uncontrolled hypertension, pregnancy, type a personalityand different ways of corticosteroid use. we want to present central serous chorioretinopathy in a...

purpose: to evaluate the beneficial effects of rifampin for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (cscr). methods: in this non-randomized clinical trial, 39 patients with acute cscr (<2 weeks) were enrolled. initially, complete visual examinations including determination of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (bscva) using snellen chart; anterior and posterior segment examination...