Plant primary energy metabolism is profoundly reorganized under biotic stress conditions and there is increasing evidence for a role for the fermentative pathway in biotic interactions. However, the mechanisms regulating metabolic reprogramming are not well understood despite its critical function in the biotic stress response. Here the function of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the interaction...

NAC proteins are plant transcription factors that are involved in tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as in many developmental processes. Stress-responsive NAC1 (SNAC1) transcription factor is involved in drought tolerance in barley and rice, but has not been shown previously to have a role in disease resistance. Transgenic over-expression of HvSNAC1 in barley cv. Golden Promise r...

ABSTRACT Silicon (Si) amendments in the form of exogenously supplied nutrient solution or calcium silicate slag protect wheat plants from powdery mildew disease caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. The most striking difference between Si- and Si+ plants challenged with B. graminis f. sp. tritici was the extent of epidermal cell infection and colonization by B. graminis f. sp. ...

powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis hordei, is currently the most serious foliar disease of barley in worldwide and reduced barley yield. the use of resistant cultivars is an efficient, economical and environmentally way to control of powdery mildew in barley. in this research a half diallel design was used for genetic analysis of resistance to powdery mildew (bgh) in barley. six barley...

Recently, the octameric vesicle-tethering complex exocyst was found in plants and its importance for Arabidopsis morphogenesis was demonstrated. Exo70 exocyst subunits in plants, unlike in yeasts and mammals, are represented by a multigene family, comprising 23 members in Arabidopsis. For Exo70B2 and Exo70H1 paralogues, transcriptional up-regulation was confirmed on treatment with an elicitor p...

Arabidopsis thaliana is a host to the powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum and nonhost to Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei, the powdery mildew pathogenic on barley (Hordeum vulgare). Screening for Arabidopsis mutants deficient in resistance to barley powdery mildew identified PENETRATION3 (PEN3). pen3 plants permitted both increased invasion into epidermal cells and initiation of hyphae by B. g....