background:  this study presents patient specific and organ dose estimation in computed tomography (ct) imaging of thorax directly from patient ct image using monte carlo simulation.  patient's ct image is considered as the patient specific phantom and the best representative of patient physical index in order to calculate specific organ dose. materials and methods: egsnrc /beamnrc monte c...

Clinical history. The patient died on the twelfth day of life, having been delivered by a Caesarian operation for disproportion. He was difficult to resuscitate at birth and the abdomen always appeared distended. This distension varied somewhat, but there were no other unusual symptoms until he suddenly collapsed and died in two hours. Post-mortem examination. The body was that of a well-nouris...

background: in vivo dosimetry is a method for estimation of overall error in the delivered dose to the patients at the end of radiotherapy process. in this research, two methods for target dose calculation were evaluated on midline and central axis of photon beams in in vivo dosimetry of thorax fields. materials and methods: entrance and exit doses for anterior and lateral fields of thorax were...

Clinical history. The patient died on the twelfth day of life, having been delivered by a Caesarian operation for disproportion. He was difficult to resuscitate at birth and the abdomen always appeared distended. This distension varied somewhat, but there were no other unusual symptoms until he suddenly collapsed and died in two hours. Post-mortem examination. The body was that of a well-nouris...

Rigidity of the thorax in ankylosing spondylitis was first recognized as long ago as 1695, when Bernard Connor described a skeleton showing the characteristic rigidity of the thoracic cage and lumbar spine and concluded that respiration must have been greatly restricted during the life of the unfortunate sufferer. This astute observation remained the only one of its kind until Hilton Fagge (187...