This qualitative study is an attempt to develop our knowledge on using the back-channels in English conversations as a secondlanguage obtaining English language textbooks for Iranian school students through the old and new educational system. The textbook ofsecond guidance school grade has been compared with seventh juniorhigh school grade (as the frst group), and the textbook...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether backpack weight is associated with back pain and back pathology in school children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Schools in Northern Galicia, Spain. PATIENTS All children aged 12-17. INTERVENTIONS Backpack weight along with body mass index, age and gender. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Back pain and back pathology. RESULTS 1403 school children were ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of a back school program in pain, functional status, quality of life, and in anxiety and depression in patients with non-specific low back pain. METHODS Sixty patients with low back pain were randomized to an intervention and control group. The intervention group underwent a five-weekly back school program. The control group was seen in weekly medical ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The use of back school as a treatment for low back pain is widespread, but determining the efficacy of this approach is complicated by variations in back schools and study methods across clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize existing evidence on the efficacy of back school as either a primary intervention or a part of a co...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the long-term effect of the Active Back School programme on minimizing recurrences of episodes of low back pain. Forty-three subjects were randomly allocated to the Active Back School group and 38 to the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to baseline characteristics. The Active Back School progr...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of the addition of back school to exercise and physical treatment modalities in relieving pain and improving the functional status of patients with chronic low back pain. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. PATIENTS A total of 146 patients with chronic low back pain were enrolled in the study. METHODS Subjects were divided into 2 groups: the back ...