Dynamic light scattering (DLS) using noninvasive backscatter (NIBS) detection technology is capable of measuring the hydrodynamic radius of proteins over a large concentration range (0.1 mg/mL to 100 mg/mL). As a result, it is possible to determine, in actual biopharmaceutical formulations, the bulk viscosity/restricted diffusion interaction parameter (kD), particle interaction parameter (B22),...

Mitochondrial complex I (proton-pumping NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is an essential respiratory enzyme. Mammalian complex I contains 45 subunits: 14 conserved "core" subunits and 31 "supernumerary" subunits. The structure of Bos taurus complex I, determined to 5-Å resolution by electron cryomicroscopy, described the structure of the mammalian core enzyme and allowed the assignment of 14 sup...

Amber (am) mutants of the two closely linked sites, B22 and C125, in bacteriophage T4 gene 43 [deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase] synthesize in the nonpermissive (su(-)) Escherichia coli host gene 43 products which are devoid of DNA polymerase activity, but which retain a 3'-exonuclease activity. Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatographic analysis of DNA polymerase and deoxyribonuclease a...

This paper presents an evolutionary growth theory that captures the interplay between the evolution of mankind and economic growth since the emergence of the human species. This uni"ed theory encompasses the observed evolution of population, technology and income per capita in the long transition from an epoch of Malthusian stagnation to sustained economic growth. 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All...