A [2]rotaxane constructed from a per-ethylated pillar[6]arene as a wheel and a pyridinium derivative as an axle was prepared. The wheel segment of the per-ethylated pillar[6]arene moved from one station to another along the axle as a result of thermal stimuli.

Mechanically interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes have potential as components of molecular machinery. Rotaxanes consist of a dumb-bell-shaped molecule encircled by a macrocycle that can move unhindered along the axle, trapped by bulky stoppers. Previously, rotaxanes have been made from a variety of molecules, but not from DNA. Here, we report the design, assembly and character...

Automatic vehicle classification (AVC) systems provide information about classes of vehicle that can be used for many purposes. This paper describes a axle count and axle spacing using wireless accelerometers sensors and magnetometers sensors. The vehicle axles are detected by accelerometer sensors, and the vehicles arrivals, departures and speed are estimated by magnetometers. The prototype sy...

This paper focuses on acoustic road traffic monitoring and looks, more specifically, into the problem of joint speed and wheelbase length estimation of two-axle vehicles as they pass by. It is known that both front and rear axle trajectories may be observed using a cross-correlation based processing in conjunction with a well designed two-element microphone array placed on the roadside. This is...

Roads and railways are in a sense the arteries that keep the lifeblood of the economy flowing. Approximately 70 percent of freight moves by road in South Africa and it is growing by approximately four percent per annum. Data and information on heavy vehicle (HV) volumes and axle masses are therefore indispensable to road authorities for design and maintenance purposes. Heavy vehicle data from t...

A new templating motif for the formation of [2]pseudorotaxanes is described in which rigid, Y-shaped axles with an imidazolium core and aromatic substituents at the 2-, 4- and 5-positions interact with [24]crown-8 ether wheels ([24]crown-8 and dibenzo[24]crown-8). The Y-shape of the axle significantly enhances the association between axle and wheel when compared to simple imidazolium cations.

This paper proposes several new evaluation methods and their applications in time-variant vehicle dynamics. The basis is a dominant harmonic vehicle motion with time-variant characteristics (e.g. A(t)·cos(φ(t)); φ(t)= ∫ω(t)dt). There are two common methods to identify instantaneous parameters, namely the amplitude, phase, and frequency of a vehicle system: the Hilbert transform and the short-ti...

A crown ether-containing macrobicycle was used as the wheel component in a templated synthesis of a [2]rotaxane with an acetal-containing axle. The molecular structures of the macrobicycle and the [2]rotaxane were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The chloride-binding ability of the macrobicycle, either free in solution or when it is part of a [2]rotaxane, is quite we...