the present research is aimed at investigating how the politeness of the speakers of urdu is influenced by their relative social status in society. the researcher took politeness theory of brown and levinson (1978, 1987) as a model. to observe politeness of urdu speakers, speech act of apology with different strategies was selected. a discourse completion task (dct) was used as an instrument to...

social changes and considering people’s needs are seen as the most important issues in the changes of persian poetry in constitutional era. the writers of this article have considered the views of western and iranian critics to study the function of the addressee in the changes of persian poetry in constitutional era. the use of such a study is that the writers have found and analyzed many soci...

Communicative pointing is a human specific gesture which allows sharing information about a visual item with another person. It sets up a three-way relationship between a subject who points, an addressee and an object. Yet psychophysical and neuroimaging studies have focused on non-communicative pointing, which implies a two-way relationship between a subject and an object without the involveme...

We tested whether overhearers made use of the relationship between specific (e.g. really, oh) and generic (e.g. uh huh, mhm) backchannels and speakers’ talk in online dialogue comprehension. In Experiment 1 we found that words that followed specific backchannels were recognized more slowly than words that followed either generic backchannels or pauses. In Experiment 2 we found that the type of ...

We investigate how non-linguistic factors influence rates of disfluency in spontaneous speech in a set of task-oriented dialogues (the HCRC Map Task Corpus). The factors we consider are: sex of the speaker; sex of the addressee; conversational role; ability to see the addressee; familiarity with the addressee; and practice at the task. Our analyses examined disfluency rate (the number of disflu...

We present results on addressee identification in four-participants face-to-face meetings using Bayesian Network and Naive Bayes classifiers. First, we investigate how well the addressee of a dialogue act can be predicted based on gaze, utterance and conversational context features. Then, we explore whether information about meeting context can aid classifiers’ performances. Both classifiers pe...

The present research explored the mechanisms of judgmental and memory correction for communication influence. Participants described a target person to an addressee who either liked or disliked the target. Participants’ descriptions were more positive when the addressee liked the target than when the addressee disliked the target. Mediation analyses showed that the effect of the addressee’s att...