A mathematical model for the quasi-steady diffusion-limited evaporation of a thin axisymmetric sessile droplet of liquid with a pinned contact line is formulated and solved. The model generalises the theoretical model proposed by Deegan et al. [Phys. Rev. E, 62 (2000) 756–765] to include the effect of evaporative cooling on the saturation concentration of vapour at the free surface of the dropl...

We consider solutions where the surface tension of the solvent γs is smaller than the surface tension of the polymer γp. In an evaporating film, a plume of solvent rich fluid, then induces a local depression in surface tension, and the surface forces tend to strengthen the plume. We give an estimate (at the level of scaling laws) for the minimum thickness e ∗ required to obtain this instability...

Molecular simulation is used to elucidate hydrophobic interaction at atmospheric pressure where liquid water between apolar walls is metastable with respect to capillary evaporation. The steep increase of the estimated activation barrier of evaporation with surface–surface separation explains the apparent stability of the liquid at distances more than an order of magnitude below the thermodynam...

Three things must happen at exactly the same time if an infectious plant disease is to occur. One, a susceptible plant must be in a vulnerable state. Two, the parasite that causes the disease must be in an infective stage. Three, environmental conditions must be favorable for disease development. The environment of a plant consists of the air around it and the soil in which it grows. The enviro...

Aqueous evaporation and condensation kinetics are poorly understood, and uncertainties in their rates affect predictions of cloud behavior and therefore climate. We measured the cooling rate of 3 M ammonium sulfate droplets undergoing free evaporation via Raman thermometry. Analysis of the measurements yields a value of 0.58 +/- 0.05 for the evaporation coefficient, identical to that previously...

The relationship between the incidence of bacillary dysentery and meteorological factors was investigated. Data on bacillary dysentery incidence in Shenyang from 1990 to 1996 were obtained from Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and meteorological data such as atmospheric pressure, air temperature, precipitation, evaporation, wind speed, and the amount of solar radia...

The lysogenic bacteriophage APSE infects "Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa," a facultative endosymbiont of aphids and other sap-feeding insects. This endosymbiont has established a beneficial association with aphids, increasing survivorship following attack by parasitoid wasps. Although APSE and "Ca. Hamiltonella defensa" are effectively maternally transmitted between aphid generations, they can...

The solvent evaporation method on the structural changes and surface chemistry of the cathode and the effect of electrochemical performance of Li1.0Ni0.8Co0.15Mn0.05O2 (NCM) has been investigated. After dissolving of Li residuals using minimum content of solvent in order to minimize the damage of pristine material and the evaporation time, the solvent was evaporated without filtering and remain...

The feasibility of fabricating Janus particles based on phase separation between a hard fat and a biocompatible polymer was investigated. The solvent evaporation method used involved preparing an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion with a mixture of poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), hard fat, and an organic solvent as the oil phase and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution as the water phase. The J...