We analyze the record of aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra satellite in combination with surface PM2.5 to investigate the impact of fires on aerosol loading and air quality over Colorado from 2000 to 2012, and to evaluate the contribution of local versus transported smoke. Fire smoke contributed significantly to th...

Apply the separation principle of the physical contradictions in TRIZ into the simulation of forest fire smoke; propose a forest fire smoke recognition algorithm based on gray bit-plane. To get eight images of moving smoke, the separation process on smoke moving images is necessary; use high-diagram image (the 7th,the 8th image) to extract contours, and extract the contour of the remaining imag...

The Hazard Mapping System (HMS) was developed in 2001 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite and Data Information Service (NESDIS) as an interactive tool to identify fires and the smoke emissions they produce over North America in an operational environment. The system utilizes 2 geostationary and 5 polar orbiting environmental satellite...

Lidar is a promising tool for forest-fire monitoring because, due to its very high sensitivity and spatial resolution, this active detection technique enables efficient location of small smoke plumes that originate from forest fires in the early stages of development during both day and night and over a considerable range. Earlier experiments carried out by the authors testify that small fires ...

When a fire occurs, minimum detection latency is crucial to minimizing damage and saving lives. Current smoke sensors inherently suffer from the transport delay of the smoke from the fire to the sensor. A video smoke detection system would not have this delay. Further, video is a volume sensor, not a point sensor. A point sensor looks at a point in space. That point may not be affected by smoke...

The photoelectric smoke detector shows different levels of sensitivity to different fire types. The photoelectric detector generally is more sensitive to the gray smoke emitted by smoldering fires, and less sensitive to the black smoke emitted by flaming fires. To improve such a photoelectric detector, the light scattering phenomena by smoke particles have been studied, and numerical simulation...

This paper proposes a new method for automatic fire detection in cities using image processing techniques. Images are obtained successively at regular intervals from monochrome TV cameras which are suitably fixed on roofs of tall buildings. Fire detection is camed out by identifying smoke in the daytime and fire flames at night. The major feature of the proposed method is to employ a fire ident...

An analysis of the requirements for mechanical smoke exhaust in large space buildings was made and some experiments in a fire test atrium have been performed. It can be concluded that the temperature of smoke in large space building fire is usually quite low which makes them easy to descend and to mix with air. Usually it’s difficult to control the descending of a smoke layer effectively when t...

Many of Indiana fire deaths were in homes with non-working smoke alarms Indiana Mortuary Emergency Response Team (I-MERT) and Indiana Disaster Portable Mortuary Unit (I-DPMU) work together in a mass casualty incident that has overwhelmed local resources. But what's the difference between the two? The Indiana Disaster Portable Mortuary Unit (I-DPMU) has an operational team made up of volunteers ...

Emissions from wildland fires are becoming of increasing importance with recent changes to air quality regulations regarding PM2.5 concentrations and regional haze. Wildfire reporting is fairly well handled, especially when compared with the reporting of prescribed fire activities. Information on prescribed fire emissions ranges from good to nonexistent. With states developing/implementing Smok...