The present investigation was undertaken with an attempt to generate information pertaining to the assessment of arsenic residues in the vital organs like liver, lungs kidneys along with blood and hair as biomarker of chronic arsenic exposure using guinea pigs as experimental animal. For this purpose the guinea pigs were divided into two groups having 5 animals in each group. Group I animals we...

In 1938, Moxon discovered that arsenic protected against selenium toxicity. Since that time it has been shown that this protective effect of arsenic against selenium poisoning can be demonstrated in many different animal species under a wide variety of conditions. Antagonistic effects between arsenic and selenium have also been noted in teratologic experiments. Early metabolic studies showed th...

Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a major public health issue in many countries, increasing risk for a wide array of diseases, including cancer. There is inter-individual variation in arsenic metabolism efficiency and susceptibility to arsenic toxicity; however, the basis of this variation is not well understood. Here, we have performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of...

The mechanism of arsenic toxicity on oxidative stress is currently and most widely documented (Ercal et al., 2001). Arsenic may induce oxidative stress of interacting with antioxidants and increasing inflammation, resulting in the accumulation of free radicals in cells (Halliwell and Whitemann, 2004). One of the earliest responses to arsenic toxicity is the increase in reactive oxygen species (...

Recent research of the metabolism and biological effects of arsenic has profoundly changed our understanding of the role of metabolism in modulation of toxicity and carcinogenicity of this metalloid. Historically, the enzymatic conversion of inorganic arsenic to mono- and dimethylated species has been considered a major mechanism for detoxification of inorganic arsenic. However, compelling expe...

Arsenic is widely spread in our living environment and imposes a big challenge on human health worldwide. Arsenic damages biological systems through multiple mechanisms including the generation of reactive oxygen species. The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the cellular antioxidant response that protects cells from various insults. In this study, the protective role of Nrf2 in arsenic toxic...

Arsenic is natural metalloid which is present in the universe everywhere. It is used for different insecticides and pesticides preparation. Poisoning of arsenic is a major issue that affects different species. Its occurrence is related to contamination of feed and water; therefore, it is matter of concern globally. However, its level of toxicity is increasing very rapidly in Asian countries esp...