Abstract Intraspecific variation in growth and defence among plant populations can be driven by differences (a)biotic conditions, such as herbivory resources. Introduction of species to novel environments affects simultaneously encountered a resource availability both directly via altered competitive environment. Here, we address the question how (leaf mass per area (LMA), size) resistance trai...

In a seasonal environment, the suitable time window for females to reproduce is restricted by both environmental conditions and the availability of males. In simultaneous hermaphrodites, which are female and male at the same time, selection on a trait that is solely beneficial for one sexual function cannot occur independently. Therefore, it is assumed that the optimal time window for reproduct...

The ensuing contribution gives an insight into the evolution of non-coding ribosomal DNA of two distantly related groups of snails. The non-coding sequences of the ribosomal DNA comprise the First Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS-1), the Second Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS-2), and the NonTranscribed Spacer (NTS). These spacers are known to evolve faster than the coding 18S, 5.8S and 28S rib...