Ontology is one of the important semantic web enablers. However, there are few open Application Programming Interfaces, or APIs, to support developers in terms of building ontology. Often, the developers are asked to use a specific tool that does not open its API in a developer friendly manner. Thus, we provide a set of open APIs for ontology building. These APIs aim to help ontology building t...

The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is widely used as commercial pollinator in worldwide agriculture and, therefore, plays an important role in global food security. Among the parasites and pathogens threatening health and survival of honey bees are two species of microsporidia, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Nosema ceranae is considered an emerging pathogen of the Western honey bee. Report...

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are a vital link between software components as well as between software and developers. Security APIs deliver crucial functionalities for programmers who see themselves in the increasing need for integrating security services into their software products. The ignorant or incorrect use of Security APIs leads to critical security flaws, as has been revea...

This paper investigates the structure and dynamics of the Web 2.0 software ecosystem by analyzing empirical data on web service APIs and mashups. Using network analysis tools to visualize the growth of the ecosystem from December 2005 to 2007, we find that the APIs are organized into three tiers, and that mashups are often formed by combining APIs across tiers. Plotting the cumulative distribut...

Web APIs enjoy significant increase in popularity and usage in the last decade. They have became the core technology for exposing functionalities and data. Nevertheless, due to the lack of semantic Web API descriptions their discovery, sharing, integration, and assessment of their quality and consumption is limited. In this paper, we present the Linked Web APIs dataset, an RDF dataset with sema...

In order to help prioritize future research efforts within the US, risks associated with exposure to human prescription pharmaceutical residues in wastewater were estimated from marketing and pharmacological data. Masses of 371 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) dispensed in the US in 2004 were estimated from marketing data, and then divided by therapeutic dose rate to normalize for poten...

Nosema diseases is known to have two infecting Apis mellifera, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Historically N. apis was known to be well established pathogen of A. mellifera. Whoever N. ceranae was frequently reported to infect the honeybees during the last decade. Both N. apis and N. ceranae are now thought to be widespread across the world. Honey bees are also found to be co-infected with bot...

objective(s):previous studies demonstrated a functional similarity between vertebrate and honey bee nervous systems. the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of heroin and iranian street kerack, a combination of heroin and caffeine, on sensory threshold and locomotor activity in honey bees. materials and methods: all drugs were given orally to honey bees 30 min before each experi...

Mashups combine data and services provided by third parties through open APIs (such as Google Maps and Flickr), as well as internal data sources owned by users. The creation of mashups is supported by a complex ecosystem of interconnected data providers, mashup platforms, and users. In this paper, we examine the structure of the mashup ecosystem and its growth over time. Several observations fo...

Web APIs enjoy a significant increase in popularity and usage in the last decade. They have become the core technology for exposing functionalities and data. Nevertheless, due to the lack of semantic Web API descriptions their discovery, sharing, integration, and assessment of their quality and consumption is limited. In this paper, we present the Linked Web APIs dataset, an RDF dataset with se...