With workplace bullying continually increasing at an unprecedented epidemic rate around the world, it is now time for organizations and governments to establish zero-tolerance workplace bullying policies to end this dehumanizing behavior. Research has proven that targets suffer from an array of negative health effects such as depression, anxiety, and symptoms mirroring PTSD. This paper will exa...

he improvements in development in Latin America and the Caribbean observed from the 1950s through the early 1970s have started to decline. Principal factors include growing external debt, the world trade imbalance due to the increase in the price of oil and manufactured products and the decrease of primary products. This deterioration of socioeconomic conditions has increasingly and primarily a...

Since the 1980s, the market structure of vaccines has become increasingly oligopolistic, and in some cases, monopolistic. Alongside these supply trends, we see the emergence and growth of group procurement schemes on the demand side of the market. National governments and international organizations procure vaccines on behalf of end users. Two such organizations include the UNICEF Supply Divisi...

Governments are deploying new information and communications technology in response to the global financial crisis. These electronic government technologies have the potential to deliver imaginative options for policy-making processes as well as for the debates that surround them. For governments, the current most critical issue is how to rebuild trust in a system of financial weaknesses and go...

Background The federal government of Nigeria started the Midwives Service Scheme in 2009 to address the scarcity of skilled health workers in rural communities by temporarily redistributing midwives from urban to rural communities. The scheme was designed as a collaboration among federal, state and local governments. Six years on, this study examines the contextual factors that account for the ...

Assembly Bill No. 52 (AB 52) amended the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) in 2014 to mandate early tribal consultation prior and during CeQA review, it positions Native American tribes as experts on cultural resources within their own geographical areas. AB affords governments a seat at decisionmaking table alongside public agencies local governments. The law also provides greater le...

Alongside the neo-institutional model of networked relations among universities, industries, and governments, the Triple Helix can be provided with a neo-evolutionary interpretation as three selection environments operating upon one another: markets, organizations, and technological opportunities. How are technological innovation systems different from national ones? The three selection environ...

Social media are now widely used by affected members of the public during an emergency. As these platforms have become mainstream, governments have responded to the public’s expectation that information is available online, particularly during disasters. Emergency management organizations (EMOs) now widely use social media to communicate with the public alongside occasional intelligence gatheri...

This paper shows that more than 80% of the E-Governments in the world are vulnerable to common Web-application attacks such as Cross Site Scripting and SQL injection. Industrialized countries were found to be more vulnerable than under-developed countries (90% vs. 50%). The paper also describes some malicious data mining possibilities on the Norwegian E-Government, and how information can be co...

The Governments Division of the U.S. Census Bureau publishes estimates of many aggregates. To achieve more accurate results with lower cost one goal of sampling is to minimize the number of smaller and non-contributory units in the overall design. Unfortunately, little research has been conducted to determine how to reduce smaller units. In this paper, we propose a numerical procedure based on ...