Alkalization is an important process in cocoa powder production that affects color and flavor. In this study, the impact of alkalization temperature (60, 70, 80, 90, 100 °C), NaOH concentration (0.59, 1.17, 2.34, 3.59% w/w powder) time (1 10 min) on physicochemical properties (pH, color) phytochemical profile (theobromine, caffeine, epicatechin, catechin) were investigated, while aroma was stud...

Kidney injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is likely multifactorial, but recent data support that a component is mediated by mechanisms used by the kidney to increase acidification in response to an acid challenge to systemic acid-base status. If so, systemic alkalization might attenuate this acid-induced component of kidney injury. An acid challenge to systemic acid-base status increases ne...

The renal excretion of gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was studied in the isolated perfused rat kidney (IPRK) model. Dose-linearity experiments were carried out at four doses (400, 800, 1600, 3200 μg), targeting initial perfusate levels of 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml. Additionally, gentamicin was co-perfused with sodium bicarbonate (0.25 mM) and/or cimetidine (2 mM) to evaluate the effect ...

The accumulation of tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP(+)), 5,5'-dimethyl-oxazolidine-2,4-dione (DMO), and a micro pH electrode were used to measure membrane potential, intracellular and extracellular pH, respectively, upon the addition of exogenous sucrose to soybean cotyledon protoplasts. Addition of sucrose caused a specific and transient (a) depolarization of the membrane potential (measured by TP...

It was observed that acetoacetic acid when coupled with 4-nitrobenzenediazonium salt in a buffered carbonate solution yielded a strong green color upon further alkalization. This reaction was given by relatively few of the biochemical compounds that have been tested, and the procedure has been developed so that, as applied to blood filtrates, it is believed t,o afford a. satisfactory measure of...

In yeast, external alkalization and alteration in plasma membrane lipid asymmetry are sensed by the Rim101 pathway. It is currently under debate whether the signal elicited by external alkalization is transduced to downstream molecules at the plasma membrane or via endocytosis of the Rim21 sensor protein at the late endosome. We found that the downstream molecules, including arrestin-related pr...

This work experimentally elucidates the efficiencies of sono-alkalization treatment on municipal sewage sludge. The total solids (TS) concentration of the sewage sludge was pre-adjusted at 29.7 g/L. Two parameters such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dosage and sonication time were considered by the central composite design (CCD) program to investigate the effect on the degradation of phthalate acid...

To investigate the effect of extracellular pH on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human pulmonary arteries, we measured eNOS activity and expression as well as some ion channels in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAEC) exposed to various pH levels (6.6-8.0). eNOS activity was found to increase with alkalization and decrease with acidification, while Ca2+ uptake into HPAE...

The alkaloid ageladine A, a pyrrole-imidazole alkaloid isolated from marine Agelas sponges shows fluorescence in the blue-green range during excitation with UV light with the highest absorption at 370 nm. The fluorescence of this alkaloid is pH dependent. Highest fluorescence is observed at pH 4, lowest at pH 9 with the largest fluorescence changes between pH 6 and 7. Ageladine A is brominated,...

BACKGROUND Increase in the incidence of hyperuricemia associated with gout as well as hypertension, renal diseases and cardiovascular diseases has been a public health concern. We examined the possibility of facilitated excretion of uric acid by change in urine pH by managing food materials. METHODS Within the framework of the Japanese government's health promotion program, we made recipes wh...