1.    introduction textile industry has a significant impact on the environment because large amount of water and chemicals is used in various processes of this industry such as sizing, scouring, washing, bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing that leads to production of hazardous wastewater. this wastewater contains dying substances which remain visible even at low concentrations. water cla...

Intracellular recording is the measurement of voltage or current across the membrane of a cell. It typically involves an electrode inserted in the cell and a reference electrode outside the cell. The electrodes are connected to an amplifier to measure the membrane potential, possibly in response to a current injected through the intracellular electrode (current clamp), or the current flowing th...

The recent resurgence in the use of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for electrotherapy and human cognition studies was motivated by studies demonstrating lasting change in cortico-spinal excitability following tDCS (Priori et al., 1998; Nitsche and Paulus, 2000, 2001) including at the University of Gottingen. Subsequent tDCS studies have largely adapted the Gottingen protocols in...

Introduction The concentration of ion H (pH) in solution plays very important role in chemical, biological and physical processes. Since Cremer (1906) first reported the pH response of oxide glasses, many theoretical researches about the glass electrode and its applications have been carried out. The glass electrode is stable mechanically and chemically and can be used in the wide range of solv...

background & aims of the study: detergent and phosphate are one of the main and vital threats (eutrophication phenomenon and production of synthetic foam) for the source of drinking water, agriculture and industrial uses in the ahvaz, iran that threaten human health. the aim of this study is the evaluation of the efficiency of the electrocoagulation (ec) process in the removal of detergent and ...

In Li-ion batteries (LIBs), a memory effect has been revealed in two-phase electrode materials such as olivine LiFePO4 and anatase TiO2, which complicates the two-phase transition and influences the estimation of the state of charge. Practical electrode materials are usually optimized by the element doping strategy, however, its impact on the memory effect has not been reported yet. Here we fir...

Because of high cost and low availability of platinum, which yet remains unavoidable as catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cells for achieving acceptable electric performances, numerous synthesis methods of Pt nanoparticles were developed. The decrease of the particle size in a certain extent leads to a decrease of the noble metal content in the fuel cell electrodes and also to an increa...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method of brain modulation that is increasingly tested for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders (Murphy et al., 2009) and cognitive enhancement (Paulus, 2004; Talelli and Rothwell, 2006). Conventional tDCS protocols apply 1–2 mA of current, for several minutes, through conductive-rubber electrodes inserted in sponge wrappers...

In recent years, since the introduction of bulk heterojunction concept in an organic solar cell, the efficiency is increased to ∼6%. The benefits of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells are drawing interest for applications in next-generation solar cells. In this study, we analyze the optimal top electrode for practical polymer solar cells (PSC) fabrication by utilizing the optical pro...

In this research, the efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment process using iron and aluminum electrodes to treat synthetic wastewater containing Reactive Red 24 (RR 24) was studied. The effects of parameters such as current density, pH, type of electrolyte, initial dye concentration, electrolyte concentration, temperature, and inter electrode distance on dye removal efficiency were investig...