The progressive cognitive and behavioral symptoms which characterize Alzheimer’s disease (AD) derive from profound functional and structural changes observed in neurons, their processes and synapses, and the microgliosis and astrocytosis which accompany these changes. This multicellular dysfunction appears to represent a common cytopathological response to several distinct genetic defects and p...

Micronuclei (MNi) can originate either from chromosome breakage or chromosome malsegregation events and are therefore ideal biomarkers to investigate genomic instability. Studies in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), revealed an increased micronucleus (MN) frequency in both disorders but originating m...

An economic model of the online advertising market is presented, focusing on the effect of ad fraud. In the model, the market is comprised of three classes of players: publishers, advertising networks, and advertisers. The central question is whether ad networks have an incentive to aggressively combat fraud. The main outcome of the model is to answer this question in the affirmative.

Apathy is defined as a lack of motivation and has been reported to be common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). To explore the neuropsychological correlates of apathy in patients with PD related dementia (PDD) and AD and to identify the specific cognitive profile of apathy in the two forms of neurodegenerative disease, 61 non-depressed patients (29 PDD and 32 AD) were sel...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and is the commonest cause of dementia. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) were developed under the cholinergic hypothesis of AD. Therapeutic strategies with these drugs aimed to enhance cholinergic neurotransmission in specific parts of the brain, and to improve the clinical symptoms of AD. Donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine ...

Patients with cirrhosis who are hospitalized for an acute decompensation (AD) and also have organ failure(s) are at high risk of short-term death. These patients have a syndrome called Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF). ACLF is now considered as a new syndrome that it is distinct from "mere" AD not only because of the presence of organ failure(s) and high short-term mortality but also becau...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, plaques and cell loss. Brain lesions in both sporadic AD (SAD) and familial AD (FAD) are the same, and in the same distribution pattern, as those in individuals with Down’s syndrome (DS) and in smaller numbers in non-demented older individuals. Dementia onset is around 40 years for Down’s syndrome, 40-60 years for FA...

Abstract Background The most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in premenopausal women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and/or ultrasound evidence of small ovarian cysts. Obesity insulin resistance are also the main factors influencing clinical manifestations this syndrome. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) typical progressive neurodegene...