The human immune system is compromised in microgravity (MG) conditions during an orbital flight and upon return to Earth. T cells are critical for the response execute their functions via actin-mediated cell-cell interactions that could be disturbed by MG conditions. In our study, we have applied two conventional platforms simulate conditions: fast rotating clinostat (CL) random positioning mac...

serotonin receptors are involved in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and may mediate other neurotransmitter effects. we investigated serotonin receptors gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of naïve schizophrenic patients, before and after treatment. also serotonin receptor gene expression was compared in two treatment groups including haloperidol and olanzapine. the pbm...

Phyllosticta (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales) species are widely distributed globally and constitute a diverse group of pathogenic endophytic fungi associated with broad range plant hosts. In this study, four new Phyllosticta, i.e. P. endophytica, jiangxiensis, machili, xinyuensis, were described using morphological characteristics multi-locus phylogeny based on the internal transcribed sp...

Background: Many hormones are involved in the regulation of reproduction. Leptin hormone which is mainly secreted by adipose tissue plays an important role in energy homeostasis and reproduction. It seems that leptin is an important linkage between body metabolism and reproductive system. Moreover, it has been shown that leptin and leptin receptor express in reproductive organs of some species....

We have investigated the molecular evolution of plant and nonplant actin genes comparing nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 20 actin genes. Nucleotide changes resulting in amino acid substitutions (replacement substitutions) ranged from 3-7% for all pairwise comparisons of animal actin genes with the following exceptions. Comparisons between higher animal muscle actin gene sequences and com...

Real Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a widely used technique to study the transcript level modulation of genes during developmental stages crop plants as well in stress responses. Suitable reference have not been validated many including black pepper. In this study, expression stability six commonly housekeeping viz., actin, ?-tubulin, elongation factor, initiation ubiquitin and glyceraldehy...

Changes in gene expression during reversible bud-hypha transitions of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans permit adaptation to environmental conditions that are critical for proliferation in host tissues. Our previous work has shown that the hypha-specific adhesin gene HWP1 is up-regulated by the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway. However, little is known about the potential in...

Actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton and one of the most abundant proteins found in eukaryotic cells. Comparative sequence analysis shows that this essential gene has been highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution making it useful for phylogenetic analysis. Complete cDNA clones for the actin-encoding gene were isolated and characterized from Pneumocystis carinii purified from i...