the b-cell cd20 antigen is one of the most reliable surface targets in immunotherapy of b lymphoma. in this project, we studied the production and characterization of a new monoclonal antibody against chimeric human cd20 extra loops (hcd20 exl). the results showed that clone c12h, igg2/k isotype reacted with the antigen in elisa and immunoblot. the kd value was  found to be 2×10-9m and flow cyt...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent descriptions of the group of clinical disorders collectively defined as IgG4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD) have prompted this review of the unique biology of the IgG4 antibody. This article will discuss IgG4 structure and function, the unique phenomenon of half-antibody exchange, and the implications of IgG4 biology for its proposed role in immunologic diseases. ...

Background Pembrolizumab (MK-3475), a humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody against programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), is currently being studied in clinical trials across more than 30 types of cancers. Immunotherapy with anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibodies such as pembrolizumab shows robust, durable anti-tumor activity in multiple indications including patients with advanced melanoma. A more complet...

We studied the effects of various chemokines including neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2), beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), platelet factor 4 (PF-4), melanoma growth stimulating activity (GRO), gamma interferon-induced protein (IP-10), regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), MIP-1 beta, and monocyte chemotacti...

Background: Human CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the small- vessel endothelial cells of a variety of tissues. CD34 plays a critical role as a marker for diagnosis and classification of leukemia. Anti CD34 antibodies are used for isolation and purification of HSCs from bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood. Objective: ...

background: different methods have been used for characterization of leishmania promastigotes. monoclonal antibodies are useful in characterization of   leishmania spp . both amastogotes and promastigotes. objective: comparing the characterization of   leishmania spp. promastigotes with immunoperoxidase test (avidin-biotin) techniques and an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa).   methods: ap...

REFERENCES Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) is a humanised, anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal IgG4 antibody. It is involved in the blockade of immune suppression and reactivation of anergic T-cells in cancer patients. It is believed that due to the high specificity and affinity for PD-1, against which it displays pure antagonist properties, pembrolizumab has the potential to improve the eff...

Recently the cDNA encoding interleukin 13 (IL-13), a T-cell-derived cytokine, was cloned and expressed. The present study demonstrates that IL-13 induces IgG4 and IgE synthesis by human B cells. IL-13-induced IgG4 and IgE synthesis by unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and highly purified B cells cultured in the presence of activated CD4+ T cells or their membranes. IL-13-induced...

Background: Clinical improvement after B-cell depletion with rituxmab suggests a prominent pathogenic role of B-lymphcytes in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). IgG4-RD, however, relapses most cases together re-expansion clonally divergent plasmablasts indicating that treatment rituximab does not completely abrogates T follicular helper (Tfh)-cells dependent germinal center reactions leading to de...