BACKGROUND Coins are made of metal, which is generally radiopaque, and so physicians often have the misconception that all coins are detectable by radiography. Here, we report a case of intentionally swallowed coins in the oesophagus of an adult; the coins could not be detected on chest radiography but were detected using computed tomography (CT). CASE PRESENTATION A 46-year-old woman with a ...

Suppose we are given n coins out of a collection of coins of two distinct weights w0 and w1, true and counterfeit coins, respectively, where d of them are counterfeit coins. Assume we are allowed to weigh subsets of coins in a spring scale. Determine the counterfeit coins in a minimal number of weighing. This problem is equivalent to the following learning problem: Given a linear function f = x...

by regarding the rest of pictorial and written documents of sassanid and sogdian art – sogdiana was one of the states under the supervision of sassanid emperors at many different period - this research is going tosurvey the effects of sassanid art on the sogdian mural paintings; the statistic category of this research is 3 sample of sassanid stone relief and mural painting as well as 6 sample o...

Attributing the coins of the Eastern Gangas is a difficult task because the coins do not name the ruler, but only are dated in what are thought to be regnal years. Many authors in the past have tended to attribute the coins to the most prominent king of the dynasty, Anantavarman Chodaganga (1078-1147) (hereafter AC), but without any real justification. 2 In a recent paper, I proposed a method o...

We investigate object recognition and classification in a setting with a large number of classes as well as recognition and identification of individual objects of high similarity. Real-world data sets were obtained for the classification and identification tasks. The considered classification task is the discrimination of modern coins into several hundreds of different classes. Identification ...

Coins are integral part of our day to day life. We use coins everywhere like grocery store, banks, buses, trains etc. So it becomes a basic need that coins can be sorted and counted automatically. For this it is necessary that coins can be recognized automatically. In this paper we have developed an ANN (Artificial Neural Network) based Automated Coin Recognition System for the recognition of I...

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique has been used to study two Rupee Indian coins minted during the period 1993 to 2010 for their elemental concentrations. From the analysis of the coins, it is found that the coins are made of binary alloy and it was observed that from 2005 onwards, the composition of the coins has been changed from Cupro-Nickel to Ferritic Stainless Steel (F...

ion can overcome the deficit of the power of modern computers and solve the metaprogram problem: let’s consider amounts of coins instead of coin numbers. This idea is natural: when somebody is solving puzzles he/she operates in terms of amounts of coins of different kinds not in terms of their numbers! Let us present this hint in formal terms as an abstract model game(N,M) (N ≥ 1, M ≥ 0). Posit...

Automatic image classification algorithms can support coin experts in their analysis and study of coins. These algorithms take digital images of coins as input and generate a class as output. Automatic classification proceeds in two stages. In the feature-extraction stage, the image is transformed into a compact representation that contains information on the presence of features. In the classi...

For hundreds of years, supplies of coins in Europe emerged, via a curious mechanism, from voluntary decisions of owners of old coins and bullion to exchange them at mints for new coins. Mints were sometimes private enterprises, licensed to produce on demand a list of coins whose design and neness was speciied by the sovereign. Citizens were free to take metal to the mint 1 to purchase newly min...