The first description of abacterial urethritis is attributed to Guiard (1897) and his observation was confirmed by Barlow (1899) who also reported that contagious discharges could occur in which no organisms were detectable. Conventionally, when cases of non-gonococcal urethritis are examined by Gram-stained smears, if no organisms are seen the discharge is termed "abacterial"; if a mixture of ...

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a cause of prolonged diarrhoea, mainly in travellers. Laboratory diagnosis may be achieved by a number of methods such as the staining of faecal smears by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) technique. Safer methods using this technique have been described for the staining of acid fast bacilli and cryptosporidia by replacing the phenol content of the carbol fuschin stain ...

Acid fast bacteria (AFB) are cell walls containing complex lipids so that in Ziehl-Neelsen staining they can bind dyes because not washed off by 3% HCl Alcohol (Alcoholic Acid). One of the host factors pulmonary tuberculosis is smoking habits and exposure. Smoking will damage defense mechanism lungs, which causes lungs to be more easily infected with germs. The purpose this study was determine ...

background and objective: tuberculosis is still a major health problem, involving about 1/3 of the world´s population. diagnosis is difficult when we only use ziehl-neelson staining. many cases may be missed. a more rapid and sensitive diagnostic method is necessary. pcr may be helpful. the aim of this study was to compare pcr, zieh-neelsen staining and histopathologic findings in diagnosis of ...

Microscopy as “field based test” was compared with IS900 blood PCR for the diagnosis and estimationof prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in domestic livestock withclinical Johne’s disease (JD). Of 252 animals screened, 39.3 and 13.1% were positive by faecal microscopyand blood PCR, respectively. Proportional agreement between “microscopy” and blood PCR was subst...

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that has displayed increasing incidence in the last decades. It is estimated that up to 20% of tuberculosis cases affect extra-pulmonary organs. In the ENT area, soft palate and tongue are the least probable locations.   Case Report A 62-year-old female with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and treatment with corticosteroids and Adalimumab, d...