This experiment examined the relationship between prenatal stress and subsequent calf temperament through weaning. The prenatal stressor used was repeated transportation of pregnant Brahman cows for 2 h at 60 ± 5, 80 ± 5, 100 ± 5, 120 ± 5, and 140 ± 5 d of gestation. Prenatally stressed calves ( = 41) were compared with controls ( = 44; dams did not undergo transportation during pregnancy) from...

This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding high milk volumes on the growth rate, health and cross-sucking behaviour in group-fed Jersey calves. Three-day-old heifers (n = 120) in a seasonal calving dairy herd were randomly assigned to one of 6 treatment groups. Three groups received high milk volumes (HMV), consisting of ad libitum milk or milk replacer feeding twice a day, whi...

The thermogenic response and rectal temperature (Tre) of newborn rats (0 to 32 days old) on exposure to various ambient temperatures (Ta) were investigated. The O2 consumption (VO2 in ml . min-1 per 100 cm2 surface area) was measured for one rat at a time by means of a closed circuit system. The results were that (1) within the thermal neutral ranges, Tre stood at 36--37 degrees C regardless of...

Two experiments were conducted that demonstrated that a single injection of hydrocortisone 21-acetate (HYD, 25 mg/kg BW) administered to 6-d-old nursing piglets resulted in a twofold elevation (P less than .02) of pancreatic amylase within 2 d; activity was unaffected by an injection of 15 IU adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/kg BW (P greater than .20). Intestinal sucrase and maltase activity ...

To date few studies have addressed the development and function of the porcine gastric mucosal immune system and this is a major limitation to understanding the immunopathogenesis of infections occurring in young pigs. The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) mediates the transport of secretory immunoglobulins until luminal surface of the gut mucosa and the aim of this study was to investig...

OBJECTIVE The impact of different weaning methods on food preferences and body mass index (BMI) in early childhood is not known. Here, we examine if weaning method-baby-led weaning versus traditional spoon feeding-influences food preferences and health-related outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Parents (n=155) recruited through the Nottingham Toddler laboratory and relevant internet s...

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the pattern and factors influencing exclusivebreast feeding and weaning practices in a homogenous urban slum. Study Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional among 143 mother-child pairsusing a combination of simple and systematic sampling methods. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on pattern of breastfee...

OBJECTIVE To assess the public health significance of premature weaning of infants from breast milk on later-life risk of chronic illness. DESIGN A review and summary of recent meta-analyses of studies linking premature weaning from breast milk with later-life chronic disease risk is presented followed by an estimation of the approximate exposure in a developed Western country, based on histo...

The concentration of fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in neonate and weaning piglets was measured daily from 1 day after birth to 50 days of age. The concentration of fecal sIgA started from the level of 10(4) microg/g wet feces 1 day after birth and then increased to a maximal value of up to 10(5) microg/g within a few days of birth. The values constantly declined to between 10(1) and 1...

Previous research indicates that early weaning before shipment can reduce transportation-induced increases in acute-phase proteins (APP) and can increase feedlot performance in beef calves. These data suggest that the combination of weaning and transport stress may compromise the immune system of calves, thus hindering subsequent performance and health. Therefore, our objective was to determine...