The technique of dynamic time warping for time registration of a reference and test utterance has found widespread use in the areas of speaker verification and discrete word recognition. As originally proposed, the algorithm placed strong constraints on the possible set of dynamic paths—namely it was assumed that the initial and final frames of both the test and reference utterances were in exa...

In the following sections we present an image registration method using spline based warping. Given two images, reference and test, we shall nd a warping, i.e. non-linear coordinate transformation, that brings the test image as close as possible to the reference image. We chose to use spline as the warping function which permits us to describe it by a nite number of localised parameters. Furthe...