Communication apprehension is a broad-based fear or anxiety related to the act of communication held by a large"number of individuals. High communication apprehensives are persons for whom apprehension about participating in communication outweighs the projected gain from communicating in a given situation (Phillips, 1968; McCroskey, 1970). Such persons anticipate negative feelings and outcomes...

The aim of this study is to assess if changes in dysfunctional beliefs and self-efficacy precede changes in panic apprehension in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Subjects participated in a larger study comparing the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring and exposure. Four variables were measured: (a) the strength of each subject's main belief toward the consequence of a pan...

Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings indicate that shoulder apprehension is more complex than a pure mechanical problem of the shoulder, showing a direct modification in functional brain networks associated with motor inhibition and emotional regulation. The current study extends these findings by investigating further structural alterations in patients with shoulder a...

In this article a measurement method of situation apprehension and outcome prediction is examined psychometrically. This method has its inspiration in Spearman’s theory of intelligence and constitutes an alternative to the concepts of situation awareness and sense making. The measurement approach of certain aspects of understanding that is examined here is specific to the decision making enviro...

The social loafing effect, that subjects work harder alone than in groups, was contrasted against the use of two motivational techniques. Subjects were 80 undergraduate students at a midwestern university. A 2 x 2 factorial design was employed contrasting the use of group goals with the salience of evaluation apprehension. Subjects, working in groups of four, were asked to generate possible use...

regarding sadr-ol-mote'allehin philosophical method, various opinions have been proposed from sadra researchers, each of which monitors a part of sadra’s philosophical method or it has paved a way which is different from sadra’s method and transcendent theosophy orators expositions and it is sometimes converse. his four methodological principles, i.e. purposeful combination of three mystic...

The article considers whether, and how, current scientific studies of consciousness might benefit from insights of mystical traditions. Although considerable effort has been expanded towards introducing mysticism into mainstream cognitive science, the topic is still controversial, not least because of the multifariousness of meaning associated with the term (from “illogical thinking” through “v...