In simple epithelial cells, apical and basolateral proteins are sorted into separate vesicular carriers before delivery to the appropriate plasma membrane domains. To dissect the putative sorting machinery, we have solubilized Golgi-derived transport vesicles with the detergent CHAPS and shown that an apical marker, influenza haemagglutinin (HA), formed a large complex together with several int...

Vesicular (v)- and target (t)-SNARE proteins assemble in SNARE complex to mediate membrane fusion. Tetanus neurotoxin-insensitive vesicular-associated membrane protein (TI-VAMP/VAMP7), a vesicular SNARE expressed in several cell types including neurons, was previously shown to play a major role in exocytosis involved in neurite growth in cultured neurons. Here we generated a complete constituti...

A vesicular aggregate filled with lipid molecules exhibited crawling motion over a glass surface as a result of chemical reactions. The vesicular aggregate was composed of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and sodium oleate with calcium ions. The crawling motion was induced by the chemical reaction between DDAB and iodide ions, and it caused discharge of the inner lipids. This was respon...

OBJECTIVE To characterize the temporal and spatial distribution and reproductive ratio of vesicular stomatitis (VS) outbreaks reported in Mexico in 2008. ANIMALS Bovine herds in Mexico in which VS outbreaks were officially reported and confirmed from January 1 through December 31, 2008. PROCEDURES The Poisson model of the space-time scan statistic was used to identify periods and geographic...

A fraction of mouse RNA containing messenger RNA coding for mouse interferon was translated with high efficiency in a wheat germ system into a fully active product. This product fulfills the criteria for mouse interferon, namely: (1) it was active against vesicular stomatitis virus and herpes simplex virus in mouse cells; (2) its antiviral activity was species specific; (3) its activity was com...

Whenever an asexual viral population evolves by adapting to new environmental conditions, beneficial mutations, the ultimate cause of adaptation, are randomly produced and then fixed in the population. The larger the population size and the higher the mutation rate, the more beneficial mutations can be produced per unit time. With the usually high mutation rate of RNA viruses and in a large eno...

An indirect ELISA incorporating a protein A-peroxidase conjugate was developed for detecting antibodies to swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) in pig sera. This test and a conventional virus neutralization test were found to be equally sensitive. A total of 2846 pig sera collected from various abattoirs in South Africa were tested using the indirect ELISA. No serological evidence of infection ...

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus, directs two discrete RNA synthetic processes, transcription and replication. Available evidence suggests that the two short extragenic regions at the genomic termini, the 3' leader (Le) and the complement of the 5' trailer (TrC), contain essential signals for these processes. We exami...

The arrival of a Brownian particle at a narrow cusp located underneath a ball is a model of vesicular release at neuronal synapses, triggered by calcium ions. The asymptotic computation of the arrival time presents several difficulties that can be overcome using conformal mappings and asymptotic analysis of the model equations. Using a regular expansion of the solution of the Laplace equation i...

estimating fetal weight in utero, for better management of pregnancy and appropriate timing of delivery especially in high-risk pregnancies is necessary. our purpose to evaluate a simple method in estimating fetal weight in iranian pregnant patients and also to compare was with a previous western study. this study was carried out in arash hospital, tehran university of medical sciences in 1996-...