The Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model incorporated fuel economy and electricity use of alternative fuel/vehicle systems simulated by the Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) to conduct a well-to-wheels (WTW) analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Based on PSAT simulations of ...

Cars with petrol-driven internal combustion engines are sources of air pollution. Until alternative car engines will replace petrol-driven engines, road transportation is a major source for emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and many other organic compounds into the environment. There is a direct relation between the car’s emissions and its acceleration: an accelerating...

The University of Denver conducted a five-day remote sensing study in the LaBrea, California area in October of 2001. The remote sensor used in this study is capable of measuring the ratios of CO, HC, and NO to CO2 in motor vehicle exhaust. From these ratios, we calculate mass emissions per kg (or gallon) of fuel and the percent concentrations of CO, CO2, HC and NO in motor vehicle exhaust whic...

T amount of pollution that a vehicle emits and the rate at which it consumes fuel are dependent on many factors. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a series of computer models that estimate the average emissions for different types of highway vehicles. This fact sheet is one of a series on highway vehicle emission factors. It presents average annual emissions and fuel ...

TRAKER is a vehicle-based method for measuring road dust emissions. Particulate matter is sampled in front and behind a vehicle’s tire and the difference in PM concentration (TRAKER signal) is used to infer the airborne flux of particles from the roadway. Two independent tests indicated that the TRAKER signal increases as the cube of the speed for a given road dust loading. Simultaneous measure...

A well-known challenge in computable general equilibrium (CGE) models is to maintain correspondence between the forecasted economic and physical quantities over time. Maintaining such a correspondence is necessary to understand how economic forecasts reflect, and are constrained by, relationships within the underlying physical system. This work develops a method for projecting global demand for...