We present models for embedding words in the context of surrounding words. Such models, which we refer to as token embeddings, represent the characteristics of a word that are specific to a given context, such as word sense, syntactic category, and semantic role. We explore simple, efficient token embedding models based on standard neural network architectures. We learn token embeddings on a la...

Automatic lexical acquisition has been an active area of research in computational linguistics for over two decades, but the automatic identification of new word-senses has received attention only very recently. Previous work on this topic has been limited by the availability of appropriate evaluation resources. In this paper we present the largest corpus-based dataset of diachronic sense diffe...

Call-by-push-value is a new paradigm that subsumes the call-by-name and call-by-value paradigms, in the following sense: both operational and denotational semantics for those paradigms can be seen as arising, via translations that we will provide, from similar semantics for call-by-push-value. To explain call-by-push-value, we rst discuss general operational ideas, especially the distinction be...

The real-time community is devoting considerable attention to ̄exible scheduling and adaptive systems. One popular means of increasing the ̄exibility, and hence e€ectiveness, of real-time systems is to use value-based scheduling. It is surprising however, how little attention has been devoted, in the scheduling ®eld, to the actual assignment of value. This paper deals with value assignment and ...

The value-ladenness of computer algorithms is typically framed around issues epistemic risk. In this article, I examine a deeper sense value-ladenness: algorithmic methods are not only themselves value-laden but also introduce value into how we reason about their domain application. call distortion. particular, using insights from jurisprudence, show that the use recidivism risk assessment (1) ...

This  qualitative  study  investigates  the  uses  of  be  in  Contemporary  English.  Based  on  this  study, one  easy  claim  and  one  more  difficult  claim  are  proposed.  The  easy  claim  is  that  the  traditional distinction between be as a lexical verb and be as an auxiliary is faulty. In particular, 'copular-be', traditionally considered to be a lexical verb, is in fact a prototypi...

BACKGROUND We evaluated the ability of electromechanical mapping of the left ventricle to distinguish between nonviable and viable myocardium in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Unipolar voltage amplitudes and local endocardial shortening were measured in 31 patients (mean+/-SD age, 62+/-8 years) with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction, 30+/-9%). Dysfunctiona...

Ray Casting is a direct volume rendering technique for visualizing 3D arrays of sampled data. It has vital applications in medical and biological imaging. Nevertheless, it is inherently open to cluttered classification results. It suffers from overlapping transfer function values and lacks a sufficiently powerful voxel parsing mechanism for object distinction. In this work, we are proposing an ...