Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is a serious form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. CNS tuberculosis can present as meningitis, arachnoiditis, tuberculomas or the uncommon form of tuberculous subdural empyema and brain abscess. We present the clinical, radiological and pathological findings, and report on the successful treatment of an immunocompetent patient diagnosed with probable tub...

BACKGROUND BCG vaccine has shown consistently high efficacy against childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis, but variable efficacy against adult pulmonary tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. We assess and compare the costs and effects of BCG as an intervention against severe childhood tuberculosis in different regions of the world. METHODS We calculated the number...

BACKGROUND TBM (Tuberculous meningitis) is severe form of tuberculosis causing death of one third of the affected individuals or leaving two-third of the survivors disabled. MMP-9 (Matrix metalloproteinase-9) is produced by the central nervous system in a variety of inflammatory conditions and has a role in the breakdown of extracellular matrix and blood-brain barrier. METHODS In this study, ...

Meningitis is among the 10 commonest infectious causes of death worldwide. This retrospective analysis of reported cases of meningitis in Bahrain aimed to assess the trend in the incidence of bacterial meningitis from 1990 to 2013, before and after the introduction of new vaccines. Of 1455 reported cases of meningitis during the study period 73.1% were viral and 26.9% were bacterial etiology (t...

The extensive therapeutic use of streptomycin in tuberculous meningitis has necessitated the study of the effects of this antibiotic on the pathological processes of this disease. The conclusions of investigators concerning the alterations in the pathological picture in treated cases vary. Smith, Vollum and Cairns’ found prolongation of the clinical course of the meningitis, but several of thei...

Intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tuberculoma of the spinal cord is uncommon entity and moreover, few reports have been documented on concurrent IDEM and intracranial tuberculomas. Authors report a case of IDEM spinal tuberculoma having intracranial lesion simultaneously. A 49-year-old woman suffered from paraparesis and urinary incontinence while being given medical treatment for tuberculous me...

Tuberculous meningitis (TB meningitis) is a subacute meningitis known for its various form of initial manifestations, which often make early diagnosis difficult. The present case report demonstrates a patient with TB meningitis, who had initial manifestation of isolated right oculomotor nerve palsy. High vigilance is needed in diagnosing TB meningitis. A 75 year-old female was hospitalized due ...

INTRODUCTION Facial myokymias (FM) are continuous, involuntary, undulating movements of the facial muscles associated with spontaneous electromyographic activity, such as fasciculations and myokymic discharges. They may occur in healthy individuals, or be secondary to multiple sclerosis, posterior fossa tumors, or an inflammatory process. PATIENT AND RESULTS We describe the case of a 31-year-...

In Korea, tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health problem and reported TB cases have not significantly decreased over the last decade (1). Tuberculosis involving the central nervous system (CNS) is the most significant type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis because of its high mortality rate and possible morbidity of neurologic sequelae. CNS tuberculosis can manifest in a variable forms,...