The inrush currents of transformers are among the main causes which compromise performance protection relays in practice. Therefore, discrimination between and faults is very important. A new technique proposed this paper to distinguish internal fault other normal transient conditions (such as current). Accordingly, a operational characteristic defined for feature extraction classification inst...

The more sophisticated a protection algorithm, the more information on both steady-state and transient behavior of a protected element required for proper designing, setting and testing of a given relay. In the case of a power transformer, the most important phenomena to be modeled from the standpoint of protective relaying are: magnetizing inrush including initial, recovery and sympathetic inr...

In flammable or explosive environments, an ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement poses an important engineering safety challenge, because the driving circuit uses an intermediate frequency transformer as an impedance transformation element, in which the produced heat or spark is available for ignition. In this paper, an intrinsically safe ultrasonic ranging sensor is designed and implement...