Filmed traffic conflicts were evaluated in terms of their severity using an objective measure and two subjective measures obtained from two groups of subjects. Each observer rated the same conflicts three times. Correlations among the subjective measures and between the subjective measures and the objective measure were used to evaluate some aspects of the reliability and validity of the subjec...

We introduce a family of heavy-traffic regimes for large-scale service systems, presenting a range of scalings that include both moderate and extreme heavy traffic, as compared to classical heavy traffic. The heavy-traffic regimes can be translated into capacity sizing rules that lead to economies-of-scales, so that the system utilization approaches 100% while congestion remains limited. We obt...

one of the leading causes of death and disability in the middle east is road traffic accidents. there are multiple factors that cause these traffic accidents, and the most important of which is fatigue, drowsiness and lack of concentration. the risk of road traffic accidents due to sleepiness, which were reported by police, increased by more than sevenfold in low alertness hours during circadia...

This paper thoroughly analyses the HIPERLAN MAC protocol, which is a standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Since the HIPERLAN MAC protocol belongs to the class of Carrier Sensing Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), in the first part of the paper we analyze the HIPERLAN stability problem. In the se...

In this study, the performance of Sevcik’s algorithm that calculates the fractal dimension and permutation entropy as discriminants to detect calming and insight meditation in electroencephalographic (EEG) signals was assessed. The proposed methods were applied to EEG recordings from meditators practicing insight meditation and calming meditation before as well as during both types of meditatio...

Many, if not all, great discoveries in psychopharmacology resulted, as Donald Klein noted,[1] “from chance observations of unexpected clinical benefits or as inadvertent outcomes of blind pharmaceutical searches.” One of such discoveries, by Cade J[2] in the late 1940's, was the calming anti-manic effect of lithium. Cade first noticed a calming effect of lithium in guinea pigs. He decided to te...

The installation of Traffic-Calming Devices (TCDs) is an extremely valuable countermeasure to prevent vulnerable road users from fatalities in urban contexts. Among all the TCDs, Berlin Speed Cushions (BSCs) seem be one most promising because they reduce speeds but do not affect emergency vehicles. However, previous research on BSCs limited and lacks some important aspects, such as analysis at ...

Abstract Street design plays an important role in controlling vehicular speed. This has a direct impact on enhancing the safety of road users and quality environment for residents living adjacent to streets. The increasing accidents every day is worrisome. other adversely affected when drivers travel at high speeds. Speeding also cause noise air pollution, which may negatively community livabil...