Litsea glutinosa (Lour) Maida Lakdi is an evergreen tree belonging to family Lauraceae it a native India.1,2,3 Ethinomedically the bark used by traditional practitioners as demulcent, emollient and in treatment of diarrhea dysentery. According ancient Unani classical text books our scholars which was for mostly bony diseaseslike Fracture (kasar), Joint pain(Hudaar), gout(Naqras), sciatica(lrqun...

Accumulating evidence suggests a role for inhibitory neurotransmitter dysfunction in the pathology of tinnitus. Opposing hypotheses proposed either a pathologic decrease or increase of GABAergic inhibition in medial geniculate body (MGB). In thalamus, GABA mediates fast synaptic inhibition via synaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and persistent tonic inhibition via high-affinity extrasynaptic GAB...

Introduction The interest in conditioned pain modulation (CPM) as a clinical tool for measuring endogenously induced analgesia is increasing. There is, however, large variation in the CPM methodology, hindering comparison of results across studies. Research comparing different CPM protocols is needed in order to obtain a standardized test paradigm. Objectives The aim of the study was to asses...

BACKGROUND Alexithymia was found to be associated with a variety of somatic complaints, including somatoform pain symptoms. This study addressed the question of whether the different facets of alexithymia are related to responses in heat pain stimulation and its interrelations with levels of everyday pain as assessed by self-report. METHODS In the study, sensitivity to heat pain was assessed ...

introduction: in the present study we attempted to investigate the alterations of cytological parameters of nrm (longaxis and intranuclear rods) in the absence of its excitatory vl pag afferent with or without the formalin pain model. materials and methods: we used male rats in 4 groups: 1- control group (n=4), 2- formalin group (n=4), 3- chemical lesion of vl pag by ibotenic acid (0.2 َl, 0.5 َl...

Behavioral analgesic techniques such as distraction reduce pain in both clinical and experimental settings. Individuals differ in the magnitude of distraction-induced analgesia, and additional study is needed to identify the factors that influence the pain relieving effects of distraction. Catastrophizing, a set of negative emotional and cognitive processes, is widely recognized to be associate...

Peripheral nerve injury increases spontaneous action potential discharge in spinal dorsal horn neurons and augments their response to peripheral stimulation. This "central hypersensitivity, " which relates to the onset and persistence of neuropathic pain, reflects spontaneous activity in primary afferent fibers as well as long-term changes in the intrinsic properties of the dorsal horn (central...

Even though it is a costly, poorly understood problem, very little effort has been dedicated toward research on the mechanisms of acute postoperative pain. Presumably, if we learn more about the etiology of acute incisional pain and the sensory processes that intensify pain after surgery, new treatment methods can be advanced. Since the mid-1990s, our group and others have developed and charact...