Geometrical product specification and verification (GPS) standard system defined by ISO/TC 213 is a universal language for expressing tolerances and communicating functional requirements for geometrical workpieces in technical drawings. GPS is developed through cooperation by more than 60 countries and documented in hundreds of paper files. Hence, the GPS world is very complex and difficult to ...

Boundary labeling is a relatively new labeling method. It can be useful in automating the production of technical drawings and medical drawings, where it is common to explain certain parts of the drawing with text labels, arranged on its boundary so that other parts of the drawing are not obscured. In boundary labeling, we are given a rectangle R which encloses a set of n sites. Each site s is ...

The idea that cultural evolution exhibits variation, competition, and inheritance and therefore can be studied by adjusting the Darwinian theory of evolution by natural selection is an attractive one. It has been argued by a number of authors (e.g., Campbell 1960; Monod 1970; Dawkins 1976; Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman 1981; Boyd and Richerson 1985; Durham 1991; Aunger 2002; Mesoudi et al. 2004) a...

A student’s understanding of engineering concepts can be furthered through the use of hands-on experiments and demonstrations. For many students, the concepts of vectors, particle equilibrium, and rigid body equilibrium can be difficult to comprehend. In order to improve comprehension in these areas, we developed a single apparatus that provides for the operation of at least five experiments re...

Virtual physics environments are becoming increasingly popular as a teaching tool for high school level mechanical physics. While useful, these tools often offer a complex user interface, lacking the intuitive nature of the traditional whiteboard. Furthermore, the systems are often too advanced to be used by novice students for further experimentation. In this paper we describe a physics learni...

As the Internet expands, there are an everincreasing number of digital image libraries being produced everyday in many areas such as art collections, photo databases, collections of technical drawings as well as a variety of other fields. This imposes problems for the retrieval of data from these representations, as conventional methods are not always applicable. Therefore we need to look at ra...

APRIL 2003 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | T he use of data to evaluate models is fundamental to science. Ideally, evaluations can be controlled and optimized in the laboratory; in most cases, however, atmospheric scientists have to perform model–data intercomparisons by taking advantage of the uncontrolled opportunities that nature provides. A model-evaluation project is complicated in at le...

W age inequality has increased dramatically in the United States since the late 1970s. In particular, we have witnessed growing wage differences between groups defined by observed skills such as education or experience. For example, the college premium—that is, the percentage difference between the average wages of college-educated and noncollege-educated workers—increased by a factor of four. ...

Geographic routing is a routing paradigm, which uses geographic coordinates of network nodes to determine routes. Greedy routing, the simplest form of geographic routing forwards a packet to the closest neighbor towards the destination. A greedy embedding is a embedding of a graph on a geometric space such that greedy routing always guarantees delivery. A Schnyder drawing is a classical way to ...

In this paper, we explore the possibility to apply machine learning to make diagnostic predictions using discomfort drawings. A discomfort drawing is an intuitive way for patients to express discomfort and pain related symptoms. These drawings have proven to be an effective method to collect patient data and make diagnostic decisions in real-life practice. A dataset from real-world patient case...